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The Great Depression: Hoover's Years Pre-Crash

Explore the era leading up to the 1929 stock market crash, Hoover's presidency, economic aftermath, and Roosevelt's New Deal. Witness the impact of the Dust Bowl and learn about key government initiatives that shaped the nation.

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The Great Depression: Hoover's Years Pre-Crash

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  1. The Depression The Hoover Years

  2. Pre Crash • US is experiencing prosperity • Rising GDP • Wages: Up • Hours: Down • Industry was moving

  3. Election of 1928 • Hoover Wins! • Extends hold of Republicans • Economists • Helped Europe out of Post-War food problems • Promises Prosperity for “Decades to come”

  4. The Crash • Thurs. Oct. 24, 1929 • Market take a dip • Recover by Friday • Monday slow but moving steadily • Tues. Oct. 29, 1929 • Market starts slow then dives • Frantic buyer begin to sell • Stock Market forced to close • Damage is done

  5. The Next Year • Banks begin to fail: Ripple effect • Call in loans • People out of work • Can’t pay loans • Banks begin foreclosures • Hit Farmers hard

  6. Pain Of Poor • Cities and churches open bread lines • Thousands of men and women seek help • Food • Shelter • Work

  7. Hoover and the Depression • Lowers income taxes • Not much help because already low • Meets with business leaders • Agree to keep wages at current levels • Refuses welfare programs • Believes people won’t work

  8. Reconstruction Finance Corporation • Set up to make loans to businesses, banks, etc • Idea was to put money into system to get it moving • Opposite effect • Beauracracy • Corruption • Most money was never even loaned out

  9. Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act • Hoover signs act • Plan to raise tariffs to help businesses • The damage • Europe raises their tariffs • Farmers are crushed • Helps the decline of US Industry

  10. Hoover’s Shame • Many Americans begin to blame Hoover • Not doing enough • Looking out for business and the rich • Hoover becomes the but of many jokes

  11. The New Deal FDR’s Attempt to End the Depression

  12. Herbert Hoover • A economist, not a politician • 1929-1930 • Depression felt by farmers and poor • 1930-1931 • Bank closures begins to affect all • Unemployment at 14% • 13 million out of work • Industry at a stand still • Haley-Smoot Tariff • Increased tariffs • Trading partners do same • More damage than good

  13. 1932 Election • Republican: Hoover • Democrat: Roosevelt • Landslide victory • Roosevelt wins nearly every state • Promises America a “New Deal”

  14. Who Is Roosevelt

  15. Untold Roosevelt

  16. 100 Days • Will be one of the busiest and most productive in Congressional History • “Bank Holiday” • Banks forced to close • Restructure • Can not open unless they have funds • Those that don’t will remain closed

  17. New Deal I • Congress passes sweeping legislation • Alphabet Soup • CCC, WPA, NIRA, FERA, NYA, AAA, TVA, NRA • 21st Amendment • Repeals prohibition • Tax increaseson wealthy • Redistribution of wealth • Union assistance

  18. Agricultural Adjustment Administration • AAA • Pay farmers not to grow • Increase prices • Lower surpluses • Tenant/Sharecroppers • Monies went to owners • Supposed to be shared with “renters” • Was not the case • Ruled unconstitutional by Supreme Court in 1936

  19. Civilian Conservation Corps • CCC “Tree Army” • Employed 18-25 yr. olds • Get them off the streets • 300,000 max enrolled • 2.5 million over the span of the program • $30 • $25 to be sent home • Work • Building canals • Cleaning national forests • Planting trees • Making trails

  20. Works Progress Administration • WPA • Carried out public works projects • Employed millions • Kept culture alive • Writing • Painting • Plays • History • Slave narratives • Native American art and history • Music

  21. National Recovery Administration • Created through the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) • Supported Unionization • Collective bargaining • Minimum wages • Minimum hours • Encourage competition • Break monopolies • Supreme Court rules NRA unconstitutional in 1936

  22. Tennessee Valley Authority • TVA • Hydroelectrcity • Meant to bring employment and electricity to rural areas • Gov’t run not private • Bring the South out of Agrarian society and into Industrialized society • Also in mid west and northern Pacific

  23. The Dust Bowl • 1930-36 • Affected mid west • Massive dust storms • Many forced to move • Okies • Those coming from Oklahoma, but encompassed all • California • Citrus farming • The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck

  24. Dorothea Lange • WPA member • Captured Images of the Dust Bowl and Depression

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