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Chapter 13-Understanding Infants

Chapter 13-Understanding Infants. Mrs. Horton 4 th Period Parenting. Growth vs. Development. Infancy—period between birth and one year Growth—increase in baby’s size and weight Development—increases in physical, intellectual, emotional, and social skills. Physical Development.

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Chapter 13-Understanding Infants

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  1. Chapter 13-Understanding Infants Mrs. Horton 4th Period Parenting

  2. Growth vs. Development • Infancy—period between birth and one year • Growth—increase in baby’s size and weight • Development—increases in physical, intellectual, emotional, and social skills

  3. Physical Development • Growth and proportion • 1-2pounds/month for about the first 6 months • In first year, average infant triples weight • Head is about 25% of infant’s weight • More than half of total growth of head occurs during 1st year • Fontanels—areas between the bone plates of skull (disappear between 6-18 months) • Reflex behavior • reflexes are what controls a newborns movements

  4. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT • Senses • Vision • Birth=8-10 inches away • Few weeks=follow an object • 3-4 months=wider field of vision • 2-7 months=depth perception • 1 year=most have very good vision • Hearing • Voice recognition, when talked • Touch • Fully developed at birth • Taste • well-developed sense of taste • Smell • Very soon after birth • First few days prefer mother’s smell • 6 days=recognition of mother’s milk

  5. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT • Motor skills • Large motor skills (gross motor skills) • Muscles of back, legs, shoulders, arms • Small motor skills (fine motor skills) • Muscles of wrist, fingers, ankles • Pincer grasp-ability to take hold of small objects between thumb and forefinger • Tooth development • Usually 6-10 months • Usually emerge in pairs • Teething pain can cause babies to be fussy/run a fever

  6. Intellectual Development • Brain Development is a work in progress • High level processes are not developed at birth • Learn by sensory stimulation • Language development • Ability to understand language and produce speech • 1st 2 months of life=vocal tract developing • 2-5 months add coos and laughs • 7-8 months babbling sounds

  7. Emotional Development • Newborns alternate between 2 basic states • Contentment and distress • Learn to link emotions to specific sensations • Hunger • Attention from parents • 6-10 months • Stranger anxiety—begin to fear unfamiliar people • To help with emotional development • Form attachments • Give/receive affection • Developing self esteem

  8. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT • Temperament-reactions to world around them • Some babies sensitive to change in environment • Some are easy going • Some are cautious or passive • Some respond eagerly to new people/events

  9. Social Development • Learning to relate to others • Before 6 months can recognize parents • 9 months=waving goodbye • Can help in development by: • Smiling • Making eye contact • Talking to baby • Picking the baby up • Peek-a-boo • pleasant home environment • Learn from siblings

  10. Moral Development • Process by which children learn to distinguish right from wrong • Begins in infancy • Outgrowth of social development • Gently enforced rules • Babies can understand the concept of “no”

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