1 / 34

Quiet Revolution

Quiet Revolution. Quebec & Canada 1950’s – 1990’s. La Grande Noirceur. The Great Darkness. The Duplessis Years – 1936-1959 Union Nationale Dedeicated to preserving the importance of Quebec’s Roman Catholic faith and French language (often by shutting out the outside world)

irma-cameron
Télécharger la présentation

Quiet Revolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Quiet Revolution Quebec & Canada 1950’s – 1990’s

  2. La Grande Noirceur

  3. The Great Darkness • The Duplessis Years – 1936-1959 • Union Nationale • Dedeicated to preserving the importance of Quebec’s Roman Catholic faith and French language (often by shutting out the outside world) • Refused federal programs that affected Quebec life • Refused federal grants for health care and education because he saw them as threats to traditional Quebec Society

  4. Duplessis’ Policies • Encouraged English-speaking business people, especially Americans, to establish industries in Quebec – tax breaks & special privileges • Built hydro-electric dams and factories • 500,000 rural Quebecers moved from farms to work in factories • Most were poorly paid and had to work hard just to make ends meet.

  5. Duplessis & Labour • Discouraged unions • Usually took side of business owners over workers • Asbestos strike in 1949 – ordered provincial police to break up picket lines and arrest strike leaders

  6. Need for change • Quebecers want change • Saw policies as old fashioned and restrictive • Quebec becoming very secular • More urban • Young intellectuals agitated for change • PET – Cite Libre

  7. The Quiet Revolution • 1960 – Quebec Liberals won a narrow victory in provincial election (Duplessis had died and UN was in disarray) • Jean Lesage was new Premier

  8. “Il faut que ce change!”

  9. Lesage’s changes • Professional civil service (formally lots of patronage) • Modernized outdated educational system (formally run by RC Church) • Improved transportation systems

  10. La Revolution Tranquille • Wanted a new, equal relationship with Canada recognized as one of the nation’s two founding peoples • Pressed federal government for “special status” for Quebec – felt Quebec needed more provincial powers to protect its language and culture • Wanted federal money for programs that they Quebec would run instead of Ottawa

  11. World’s stage 1967 – Canada’s Centennial celebrations 1967 – Expo ’67 in Montreal 1976 – XXI Olympic Summer Games

  12. Charles de Gaulle • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0LQBcygNew&feature=related

  13. Old Institutions • Church • Intellectuals • English Business and money

  14. 1968 Watershed • Election of Pierre Elliot Trudeau • Trudeaumania • “Just Society” • Canadians like 'young' new PM - CBC Archives • Trudeaumania - CBC Archives

  15. FLQ Crisis • James Cross • Pierre Laporte • War Measures Act • Cells • Montreal Police • “Just Watch Me” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7_a2wa2dd4

  16. 1976 Provincial Election • Rene Levesque and Parti Quebecois win a majority and make a promise to hold a referendum on Sovereignty-Association

  17. 1979 Federal Election • Trudeau Loses power to Conservatives • Joe Clark is PM – Minority government • His government lasts only a few months before it is defeated in the House of Commons (May 1979 – February 1980)

  18. Official Languages Act • Canada was officially bilingual • Growth of French Immersion in provinces – encouraged students to study French

  19. Welcome to the 1980’s • Trudeau’s back • Fights and wins the 1980 Federal election (majority) and then goes on to fight the referendum in Quebec

  20. 1980 Referendum Question • "The Government of Quebec has made public its proposal to negotiate a new agreement with the rest of Canada, based on the equality of nations; this agreement would enable Quebec to acquire the exclusive power to make its laws, levy its taxes and establish relations abroad — in other words, sovereignty — and at the same time to maintain with Canada an economic association including a common currency; any change in political status resulting from these negotiations will only be implemented with popular approval through another referendum; on these terms, do you give the Government of Quebec the mandate to negotiate the proposed agreement between Quebec and Canada?"

  21. Referendum results • 60% voted against the resolution • Rene Levesque promises to fight again • Trudeau promises to make Canada an independent nation with Quebec as an equal partner

  22. Constitutional Negotiations • 1980-82 – • Gang of 8 • Group of 3 • Supreme Court Reference – Amending Formulae • Issue: Parliamentary Supremacy vs. Individual Rights

  23. Night of the Long Knives • Trudeau threatens a national Referendum • Gang of 8 folds • Compromise: Section 33 • 33.   (1) Parliament or the legislature of a province may expressly declare in an Act of Parliament or of the legislature, as the case may be, that the Act or a provision thereof shall operate notwithstanding a provision included in section 2 or sections 7 to 15 of this Charter.

  24. Provincial Premiers fall in line • Except Levesque….. • Quebec does not sign • Trudeau ensures 3 signatures on Royal Proclamation are Quebecers

  25. 1984 • Trudeau takes a walk in the snow • Brian Mulroney wins largest majority in Canadian history • Promises “National Reconciliation”

  26. 1985 • Robert Bourassa elected Premier of Quebec….again • Lowell Murray et al visited provinces • 5 demands

  27. Quebec’s 5 Demands • recognition of the province of Quebec as a "distinct society" • a constitutional veto for Quebec • increased provincial powers with respect to immigration • reasonable financial compensation to opt out of any future federal programs • 3 Supreme Court judges from Quebec

  28. Meech Lake Accord • Granted Quebec’s 5 demands • Gave much the same deal to all provinces • 3 years to ratify from June 30, 1987 • NB’s Hatfield holds off ratification vote until after election

  29. Concerns • Distinct Society • Old Boys Club/Behind Closed Doors process • Trudeau back again • “…With a bang, not a whimper”

  30. June 1990 • Accord Collapses • Bloc Quebecois formed • Oka Crisis • Canada about to go to war in Persian Gulf • PM Mulroney very unpopular

  31. Spicer Commission • Proposals from all Canadians • Joe Clark • Charlottown Accord 1992 • National Referendum – defeated by Canadians

  32. 1993 • Mulroney gone • Kim Campbell there for a while • Rise of Jean Chrétien

  33. 1995 Referendum • Jacques Parrizeau • 50.6% - 49.4% • “…money and the ethnic vote.”

  34. Supreme Court Reference • Federalism • Democracy • Constitutionalism & the Rule of Law • Accommodation of minorities • Clear majority on a clear question • Clarity Act

More Related