Introduction to sampling
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Introduction to sampling . Discussion on An Introduction to MCMC for Machine Learning, Andrieu et al., 2001. Sampling. What is sampling? Useful for? Bayesian inference and learning Normalization Marginalization Expectation Optimization Model selection. Sampling.
Introduction to sampling
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Introduction to sampling Discussion on An Introduction to MCMC for Machine Learning, Andrieu et al., 2001
Sampling • What is sampling? • Useful for? • Bayesian inference and learning • Normalization • Marginalization • Expectation • Optimization • Model selection
Sampling • Monte Carlo principle (pg. 5) • Law of large numbers • Central limit theorem
Rejection sampling • Rejection • Drawbacks?
Importance sampling • Importance • Drawbacks?
Importance sampling • {ui, wi }: Sampled representation off(u) • Expectation under f(u)
Markov chains • Homogeneous: • T is time-invariant • Represented using a transition matrix Series of samples such that
Markov chains • Stationary distribution • Conditions for stationary distribution • Irreducible? • Aperiodic? • Detailed balance • Sufficient condition for stationarity of p
MCMC • Markov Chain Monte Carlo • Markov Chain • Monte Carlo • Metropolis Hastings • Special cases • Independent sampler • Metropolis algorithm
Metropolis-Hastings • Target distribution: p(x) • Set up a Markov chain with stationary p(x) • Resulting chain has the desired stationary • Detailed balance Propose (Easy to sample from q) with probability otherwise
Metropolis-Hastings • “Mixing”
Gibbs sampler • Idea • Proposals • Acceptance probability • Always possible?