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Unit 4 Chapter 16, Section 1

Unit 4 Chapter 16, Section 1. Political Parties Mr. Young American Government. Essential Questions. Even though George Washington did not want political parties, why did they eventually become prevalent? What is the importance of third parties in America today?. I CAN:.

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Unit 4 Chapter 16, Section 1

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  1. Unit 4Chapter 16, Section 1 Political Parties Mr. Young American Government

  2. Essential Questions Even though George Washington did not want political parties, why did they eventually become prevalent? What is the importance of third parties in America today?

  3. I CAN: Define Political Parties Explain the difference between One Party, Two Party, and Multiparty System Analyze the role of third parties in American History

  4. Political Parties Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVduUS24DUE US Gov’t Political Parties System Play from beginning to 1:57

  5. Political Parties Definition A group of people who organize to promote common beliefs and goals by electing officials who share their views. An ongoing coalition of interests joined together to try to get their candidates for public office elected under a common label An organization designed to elect government office holders under a given label An organization that runs candidates for public office under the party’s name.

  6. Parties and Party Systems • Political Party- group of people with broad common interests who organize to win elections, control government, and thereby influence government policies

  7. One-Party System • The Party is the government • Political differences arise only within the party itself • Usually found in authoritarian governments, come to power by force

  8. Cont. • In an election, only one party is on the ballot • Theocracy- government dominated by religion, such as Iran

  9. Multiparty Systems • Most common political system among democracies and nations allowing more than one party • Ideologies- basic beliefs about government

  10. Cont • One party rarely gets enough support to control the government • Will form a coalition government- when several parties combine forces to make the majority • Usually the nation is very politically unstable

  11. Two-Party System • When only two major parties usually can control the government • Sometimes called “big tent theory,” many different approaches and polices fall under same umbrella • Examples: United States, Jamaica, and Malta

  12. Two Party System Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOL0hzUWn7I&feature=related 5 minutes

  13. Quote by John Ellis (pg. 15) “I mean that the (American) revolutionary generation found a way to contain the explosive energies of the debate in the form of an ongoing argument or dialogue that was eventually institutionalized and rendered safe by the creation of political parties.”

  14. History of Political Parties Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VH46Ogc3UN0&feature=related 6:48 min

  15. History of American Political Parties • George Washington- warned against the harmful effects of political parties • Even so, political parties began before but was rampant after his presidency

  16. James Madison/Thomas Jefferson • Madison likened parties to special interest groups • Jefferson disliked parties so much, he was quoted as saying, “if I could not go to heaven but with a party, I would not go there at all.

  17. Anti-Federalist View Pre-Party EraFederalist vs. Anti-Federalist Federalist View Favored the Constitution Merchants and Cities Strong national government Bill of Rights not needed, 8 states already had one Opposed the Constitution Farmers and Laborers Constitution drafted in secrecy Extralegal (not sanctioned by law) States Rights Wanted a Bill of Rights

  18. The Split and Start of Parties (1796-1800) Federalist Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson and James Madison Farmers and small debtors Southern States Weak Central Government, stronger state’s rights Strict interpretation of the Constitution Only Elite in politics • Alexander Hamilton • Manufacture and Commercial Interest • Northeastern/New England States • Strong National Government • Broad/ Loose Interpretation of the Constitution • Only Elite in politics

  19. Federalist Democratic-Republicans

  20. Election of 1800 • Jefferson defeats John Adams and Jeffersonians take over from 1800-1824 • First peaceful transition from one party to another in American (maybe world) history • Beginning of end for Federalist Party, which eventually dissolved in 1820

  21. Election of 1800

  22. Growth of American Politics • Anti-Federalist turn into Democratic party of today under Andrew Jackson in 1828 • Republican Party started as an anti-slavery party and first president was Abraham Lincoln

  23. Election of 1824

  24. Election of 1860

  25. Electoral Map of 1860

  26. Role of Minor Parties • Third Party- any party other than one of the two major parties • All have one thing in common: believe that neither party is meeting certain needs • Want to propose remedy to this situation

  27. Role of third parties http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUmGqxDSnxs 3:11 minutes

  28. 1) Single-Issue Party • Focuses exclusively on one major social, economic, or moral, issue • Generally is short lived because issue fades away or major party adopts the issue

  29. 2) Ideological Party • Focuses on overall change in society rather than on an issue • Examples: Socialist Labor Party and Communist Party

  30. 3) Splinter Party • Splits away from one of the major parties because of some disagreement • Typically fade away with the defeat of their candidate

  31. Role of Minor Party Video Watch Taft Presidency video start at 41:33 and end at 43:25. Watch beginning of Wilson Presidency video

  32. Impact of Third Parties • Have influenced the outcome of national elections • Have often promoted ideas that were at first unpopular or hotly debated • Example: minimum wage, five-day workweek, unemployment insurance, and health insurance

  33. Obstacles of Third Parties • Third party candidates are usually required to obtain a large number of voter signatures in a short time • Single-member districts- no matter how number of candidates, only one person will win • Proportional representation- offices are filled in proportion to the votes that each party’s candidates receive

  34. Cont • One major problem is financing a campaign • Americans are reluctant to support or contribute to a campaign that they don’t think has a chance of winning • Third Parties must plant political roots at the national level, and few can

  35. Political Parties Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXJcmFeIZBY Cram for the exam (start at 3:27 for third parties)

  36. Texas Rangers • Created by Stephen F. Austin in 1823 • Used to protect the governor, track down fugitives • Jurisdiction is Austin (capital) of Texas

  37. Texas Rangers • Oldest state law enforcement agency in the US • Were involved in the Bonnie and Clyde case and John Wesley Hardin, who once killing a man for snoring

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