Research Presentation Day – Wednesday 21 st January '04

1. Research Presentation Day – Wednesday 21st January '04 Design for Sustainability (DfS) Mr Dare Awobiyi First Year (part-time) PhD Student Supervisor: Prof Neal Juster Dr Angela Stone Dr Alex Duffy

2. An Overview • Introduction • Definition of Design for Sustainability • Aims and objective • Concept of ‘Design for Sustainability’ • Discussion • Keywords • Design for Sustainability Issues • Literature survey findings on DfS • The gaps in current knowledge • Research questions arising from the gaps • Initial approach and methodology • Research next step • Conclusions • Any Questions?

3. Introduction • Definition of Design for Sustainability (DfS): Design for Sustainability can be defined as the process of designing goods and services that takes into account all dimensions of sustainable development, covering factors of environment, economic, social and the physical attributes required for the realisation of the products or services. • Aim and objective: The aim and objective of this research is to establish knowledge gaps in the DfS field and attempt at bridging some these gaps in order to advance knowledge of the subject. • Concept of ‘Design for Sustainability’ From the definition, it is evident that product design for sustainability is to be considered from total life cycle perspective, if all the sustainability circles are to be covered 

4. Discussion • Keywords: Design, Sustainability, Design for Sustainability (DfS), DfS Metrics and Measurement, DfS Performance. • Design for Sustainability Issues • Environmental Impacts: • Pollution, Toxic substances, Waste management, Greenhouse gases. • Environmental Management System: ISO14000 series. • European Union Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) • Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive. • Unsustainable consumption of natural resources - (materials usage). • Energy Requirements to support the growing level of economic and social activities (world population growth). • Total life cycle approach for products development - cradle to grave. • DfS compliance: • new products • existing products 

5. Discussion cont’d • Literature survey findings on DfS • DfS is a relatively new subject area. • No clear cut approach for determining DfS criteria from the perspective. of either a new or an existing product. • Designers lack the knowledge and design aids/tools to facilitate good decision making during design process execution. • A lot of the current knowledge and research works are centred on environmental issues. • The gaps in current knowledge • Lack of Concise Definition of DfS cycle. • Lack of sustainability criteria for product design and development. • Lack of DfS Performance framework by which different products can be measured and/or compared for sustainability criteria compliance 

6. Discussion cont’d • Research questions arising from the gaps • What is DfS cycle for product realisation? • What are the design attributes that will fulfil sustainable development criteria? • What are the factors that define a new or an existing product under DfS framework? • How can DfS Efficiency (DfS) be measured and determined? • How can DfS Effectiveness (DfS) be determined and measured? • What measures a product’s DfS Performance?

7. Social (So) Environmental (En) Figure 2. 3D representation of Sustainability Circles Figure 1. Sustainability Circles Unified DfS Region/Field (Area of this PhD research) Economic (Ec) Social Truly DfS compliant region Environmental Economic Initial Approach and Methodology • Establish the current knowledge in the field of Design for Sustainability (DfS). • Define and develop a total life cycle framework for DfS. • Define and develop the attributes of design activity for Sustainability Compliance. • Determine and Evaluate Design for Sustainability (DfS) requirements for a new product development. • Determine and Evaluate DfS requirements for redesigning of existing products in order to meet Sustainability Compliance requirements. • Develop the appropriate metrics for DfS Performance • e.g. defining the DfS Performance as:  DfS Performance = DfS * DfS *100% where DfS = DfS Efficiency (resource usage e.g. materials and energy) DfS = DfS Effectiveness (a measure of compliant with QFD and DfS goals) • Test the approach on two types of product e.g. a household electrical good and a high value good. • Produce a research thesis based on results obtained 

8. DfS Application Zone Figure 3. Proposed DfS Total Life Cycle 1 2 3 4 5 Market Triggers Invention Concept and Produce and Materials Need or Want and Ideas Design Manufacture Requirements Package and Use, Service Market Impacts End of Life Discard Distribute and Maintain and reactions Strategy process 8 10 9 7 6 Research Next Step • Scope the research work to cover the knowledge gaps to be addressed using the DfS total life cycle approach • Modify the methodology to reflect the scope of work • Conduct the research starting with the 3-Circles of Sustainability • Develop the appropriate DfS principles and framework that will allow product’s DfS Performance to be measured • Apply the principles and framework to two chosen product types to test • Record and document the findings 

9. Figure 4. DfS Circles Social (So) Environmental (En) Economic (Ec) Physical Attributes (Pa) Unified DfS Region/Field (Area of this PhD research) Further Work • Extend approach from the 3 Circles’ of Sustainability to the 4 DfS Circles • Rationale being: • The primary purpose of product design is to fulfil some requirements or need. • This primary purpose, by default, will imply physical and functional (e.g. QFD) attributes. • The consequences that may then manifest in one of all of the 3 circles of sustainability 

10. Conclusions • Only the initial literature survey part of the research has been done • The gap in DfS knowledge established • The research questions aimed at developing the scope of work have been developed 

11. Thank YouAny Questions?