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Understanding Newton's Second Law of Motion: Force, Mass, and Acceleration

Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass, expressed as F = ma. This principle explains how different forces and masses affect the acceleration of objects. Accelerations are measured in meters per second squared (m/s²), while force is measured in Newtons (N). The distinction between mass (the amount of matter) and weight (the gravitational force on that matter) is crucial for understanding this law. Explore practical examples to illustrate these concepts.

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Understanding Newton's Second Law of Motion: Force, Mass, and Acceleration

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Force & Motion NOTES 4: F = ma (Newton’s 2nd)

  2. NEWTON’S 2nd LAW STATES… • The acceleration of an object is dependent upon the force acting upon the object and the mass of the object. • F=ma • (force equals mass times acceleration)

  3. MEASURING FORCE 4 types of measurement for Newton’s 2nd law: • ACCELERATION • m/s2 • Newton • Mass vs. Weight

  4. ACCELERATION • The rate of change of the speed or direction of a moving object with respect to time. (AKA deceleration)

  5. m/s2 • Unit used to express accleration(a) • meters per second per second

  6. NEWTON (N) • the SI (standard international) unit for force • Equal to: • 1 kg x 1m/s2

  7. MASS vs. WEIGHT MASS WEIGHT • The vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity • WEIGHT is dependent on the amount of gravity. • Gravity is equal at all places around the Earth, so we often use weight as a shorthand to describe the property of mass. • The amount of matter in an object • MASS does not change – if I am made up of 1 million atoms, I will always be made up of 1 million atoms. Even if… I weigh less on the Earth than I do on the moon even though my mass is the same.

  8. OKAY, SO… • F = ma • HOW DOES FORCE AFFECT ACCELERATION?? • The more force applied to an object, the more acceleration the object will experience. • WHERE DOES MASS FIT IN? • The greater the mass of an object, the less acceleration it will experience under the same force • HOW DOES MASS EFFECT FORCE (the amount of push/pull)? • The higher the mass of an object, the more force the object can apply.

  9. EXAMPLE ONE If I hit a baseball as hard as I can, the ball accelerates more than if I were trying to bunt the ball. WHY? I’m applying MORE FORCE!!

  10. EXAMPLE TWO If I hit a baseball and a bowling ball with the same force, the bowling ball will go slower than the baseball. WHY? The bowling ball has MORE MASS and therefore ACCELERATES LESS!!

  11. EXAMPLE THREE If I hit a baseball with a 24oz. bat and a 32 oz. bat, the ball will go farther with the 32 oz. bat. WHY? The 32 oz. bat has MORE MASS and can apply MORE FORCE!!

  12. Less acceleration (a) results in less force (F) F = m a

  13. More acceleration (a) results in more force (F) F = m a

  14. Less mass (m) results in less force (F) F = m a

  15. More mass (m) results in more force (F) F = m a

  16. Less acceleration (a) results in more mass (m) F = m a

  17. More acceleration (a) results in less mass (m) F = m a

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