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Late Middle Ages: Transition to the Renaissance Karen H. Reeves Burke County High School

Late Middle Ages: Transition to the Renaissance Karen H. Reeves Burke County High School. Medieval Themes. Feudalism/Manorialism Hundred Years War Black Death Power of Medieval Church Impact on Renaissance. Feudal Society. Highly structured

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Late Middle Ages: Transition to the Renaissance Karen H. Reeves Burke County High School

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  1. Late Middle Ages:Transition to the Renaissance Karen H. Reeves Burke County High School

  2. Medieval Themes • Feudalism/Manorialism • Hundred Years War • Black Death • Power of Medieval Church • Impact on Renaissance

  3. Feudal Society • Highly structured • Nobles/Manors replaced chaos following fall of high centralized Roman Empire • Nobles weakened by Crusades = emergence of “New Monarchs” • Manor center of daily life • Born, lived, died • Little education • Serfdom waning with rise of towns • Calamitous 14th Century • Famine • Black Death

  4. The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)

  5. 1. English claim to the French throne • Philip IV (Fr.) died childless • Edward III (Eng.) claimed throne through mother (Philip’s daughter) • Fr. Nobles refused claiming Salic Law = gave to Philip of Valois (cousin to late king) • 1340, Edward makes claim

  6. 2. English lands in France • Since Norman Conquest of 1066 English kings were vassals of French king holding large fiefs in France

  7. 3. “Flanders” • English supported Flemish desire to become independent of Fr. Rule • Wool industry

  8. 4. French Disunity • ½ of France controlled by English • Burgundy = English allies

  9. Battles • Crecy (1346) • Poitiers (1356) • Agincourt (1415) = Henry V victorious

  10. France vs. England • Larger population • Wealthier • Poor leadership • Country internally  • Joan of Arc > nationalism • Victor • Better leadership • United country • Early victories • Eventual defeat of all lands except Calais

  11. The British Longbow:The Battle of Poitiers, 1356

  12. The Effective Use of the Cannon at Poitiers, 1356

  13. French Problems • Fr. King, John II captured at Poitiers = left rule to Estates General (townspeople + nobles) • 1358, Fr. Peasants rebelled (“Jacquerie”) because of taxes, economic hardship = suppressed by aristocratic army

  14. English Problems • 1381, Eng. Peasants rebelled (“Peasants’ Revolt”) because of taxes = suppressed by Richard II • Richard forced to abdicate • Parliament chose Henry IV (Lancaster) = limited taxes, popular with both classes

  15. English Success • 1415, Henry V wins stunning victory at Agincourt = owns ½ of France • 1420, Treaty of Troyes made Henry VI heir to both Fr. & Eng. thrones

  16. French Reconquest • 1429, Charles VII (Fr.) + Joan of Arc regained Orleans • 1432, Joan captured in Paris by Burgundians, tried by English for “unatural behavior” and burned at the stake

  17. Results • 1453, France unified under Charles VII • England loses land but solidifies its power

  18. The Black Death

  19. Causes • Famine of 1315-1317 • Europe weakened by decades of overpopulation, economic depression, famine, general bad health • Bubonic Plague—rats & fleas

  20. 1347: Plague Reaches Genoa

  21. The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemic Form:almost 100% mortality rate. Pneumonic Plague

  22. The Plague in Art

  23. Boccaccio’s The Decameron “The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.”

  24. Desperate attempts to Stop…. Flagellenti Pogroms against the Jews

  25. The Danse Macabre Death Rate 30% 75 million dead

  26. Effects of the Black Death • Agricultural prices fell • Cost of manufactured goods rose • Noble landowners suffered as per capita income in the cities increased = Feudalism failed • Trade guilds became powerful • Monarchs were able to continue process of governmental centralization

  27. The Medieval Church

  28. Problems within the Church • Church vs. Imperial power • Pope Boniface VIII v. King Philip IV (Fr.) • Babylonian Captivity • Church HQ moved to Avignon—subservient to French king 1309-1377 • Great Schism--1378-1417 • here a Pope, there a Pope, everywhere a Pope • Conciliar movement—church controlled councils—order restored

  29. John Huss • Bohemia • Spokesman for the rights of royal authority over the popes • Burned at the stake as a heretic 1415 • Fierce revolution

  30. John Wycliffe • England • “brother in spirit” w/ John Huss • Worked on English translation of the Bible • Condemned as a heretic

  31. Russia

  32. Russia • Converted to Christianity early 9th century • Byzantine missionaries • Kievcultural center until mid-14th century • MoscowIvan I • 1380—Mongols defeated—driven out of Russia within 15th century

  33. Impact • End of Feudalism • Decline in the political power of the Church • Rise of moneyed economy • Growth of towns/middle class • Increase in power of “new monarchs” with large armies

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