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Challenges in Text Input for Indic Scripts: A Deep Dive into Devanagari and QWERTY Keyboard Use

This document explores the complexities involved in text input for Indian languages, focusing on the Devanagari script. It highlights challenges such as the large number of characters, the need for multiple keystrokes for certain glyphs, and the cognitive load imposed on users when using QWERTY layouts. The paper also discusses the uniqueness of vowel and consonant combinations in Indian languages, the training necessary for typists, and the limited adoption of QWERTY for Indic scripts, urging a reevaluation of typing methodologies for better efficiency.

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Challenges in Text Input for Indic Scripts: A Deep Dive into Devanagari and QWERTY Keyboard Use

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  1. Text Input in Indic Scripts Anirudha JoshiIndustrial Design Centre, IIT Bombay

  2. Illiterate (26%) Illiterate (35%) Primary school (14%) Middle school (9%) Metric (8%) HSC / Diploma (4%) Graduates (3.7%)

  3. Source: The Times of India

  4. How many people in India speak English?

  5. How many people in India prefer to speak in English?

  6. Source: Top 10 Publications 2012 Q1, Hansa Research, MRUS, IRS

  7. Source: An Installation in IDC

  8. Structure of the Devanagari Script Vowels अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः Vowels Vowel modifiers ◌ा ि ी ु ू े ै ो ौ ं ः Gutturals कखगघङ Palatals च छ ज झ ञ Linguals ट ठ ड ढ ण ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न Consonants Dentals त थ द ध न च छ ज झ ञ प फ ब भ म Labials प फ ब भ म कखगघङ Semi-vowels य र ल व श ष स ह ळ क्ष ज्ञ 12

  9. Challenges in Text Input in Indian Languages Vowels अ आ इ ई उ ऊ • Large number of characters • ~660 frequent glyphs • 2+ keystrokes = glyph क + ो =को (C + V) क+ ो +ं = कों (C + V + V) • Difference in pronunciation and visual sequence क +ि =कि • Conjuncts (halant् between two consonants) ट+ ् + व= ट्व (C + C) • Varying similarity between conjuncts and consonants स+ ् + त= स्त क+ ् + र= क्र र+ ् + क= र्क क+ ् + ष= क्ष ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः Vowels Vowel modifiers ◌ा ि ी ु ू े ै ो ौ ं ः Gutturals कखगघङ Palatals च छ ज झ ञ Linguals ट ठ ड ढ ण Consonants Dentals त थ द ध न Labials प फ ब भ म Semi-vowels य र ल व श ष स ह ळ क्ष ज्ञ

  10. Text Input in Indic Languages • QWERTY keyboard for Devanagari input • Devanagari needs 52 keys (13 vowels, 34 consonants, 4 conjuncts, 1 halant) • QWERTY has 26 un-shifted keys • Leads to cognitive load on users • Complex structure of Indic scripts (G > K) • Large number of glyphs • Need much training and practice • 30-50 hours to reach 25 wpm • Slow starts • Only professional typists put in the effort • QWERTY is not suitable

  11. Source: Anshuman Kumar

  12. Without help p (one tailed) Nokia (0.208) Samsung (0.195) Sony (0.001) Total p (one tailed) Nokia (0.000) Samsung (0.010) Sony (0.000) Task Success /5 Users

  13. Disha

  14. Swarachakra

  15. Inscript

  16. Oct 2013 Jun 2013 Aug 2013 Jan 2014

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