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The Universe- Properties, Conditions, and Objects

The Universe- Properties, Conditions, and Objects. Universe. Big Bang Theory-other galaxies moved away in all directions, causing an explosion

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The Universe- Properties, Conditions, and Objects

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  1. The Universe- Properties, Conditions, and Objects

  2. Universe • Big Bang Theory-other galaxies moved away in all directions, causing an explosion • The Big Bang suggest that 10-20 billion years ago this massive explosion allowed all the universe’s known matter and energy to spring from some ancient and unknown type of energy.

  3. Galaxies • Galaxies- sprawling space systems composed of dust, gas and countless stars. • The number of galaxies is unknown but within the observable universe there maybe be over 100 billion of them. • Galaxies with less than one billion stars are considered “small galaxies”. • Galaxies are classified into three groups: spiral, elliptical, and irregular.

  4. Galaxies cont. • Spiral Galaxies- • Flat disk with a bulging center and surrounding spiral arms • Includes stars, planets, dust, and gas • Spins at hundreds of kilometers per second • Stars form a spiral • Elliptical Galaxies- • Generally round but stretched longer along one axis • Contains older stars • Stars orbit the center in many directions • Largest known galaxies are elliptical • Irregular Galaxies – • Galaxies that are not spiral or elliptical are irregular because they have no particular shape • Lack of distinct form because they are within the gravitational influences of nearby galaxies

  5. Gravitational Forces • the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface.

  6. Mercury • Distance From The Sun (about):36 million miles • Temperature: alternately bakes and freezes, depending on what side is lit by the Sun. The sunlit side can reach up to 950° F and the dark side can drop as low as –346° F • Atmospheric conditions: a thin mixture of helium (95%) and hydrogen • Rotation of its axis: 59 Earth days • Rotation around the Sun: 88 Earth days

  7. Venus • Distance From The Sun (about): 67.24 million miles • Temperature: ranges from 55°F to 396°F at the surface • Atmospheric conditions: Carbon dioxide (95%), nitrogen, sulfuric acid, and traces of other elements • Rotation of its axis: 243 Earth days • Rotation around the Sun: 225 Earth days

  8. Earth • Distance From The Sun (about):92.9 million miles • Temperature: about 61F (depending on what the season is) • Atmospheric conditions: Nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), other gases • Rotation of its axis: 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4 seconds • Rotation around the Sun: 365.2 days

  9. Mars • Distance From The Sun (about):141.71 million miles • Temperature: as low as –305°F • Atmospheric conditions: carbon dioxide (95%) • Rotation of its axis: 24 Earth hours, 37 minutes, 23 seconds • Rotation around the Sun: 687 Earth days

  10. Jupiter • Distance From The Sun (about):483.88 million miles • Temperature:–234°F average • Atmospheric conditions: Whirling clouds of colored dust, hydrogen, helium, methane, water, and ammonia. • Rotation of its axis: 9 hours and 55 minutes • Rotation around the Sun: 12 Earth years

  11. Saturn • Distance From The Sun (about):887.14 million miles • Temperature:–288°F • Atmospheric conditions: Hydrogen and helium

  12. Uranus • Distance From The Sun (about):1,783.98 million miles • Temperature: uniform temperature of –353°F • Atmospheric conditions: Hydrogen, helium, and methane

  13. Neptune • Distance From The Sun (about):2,796.46 million miles • Temperature:–353°F • Atmospheric conditions: Hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia

  14. Pluto • Distance From The Sun (about):3,666 million miles • Temperature: between –369° and –387°F • Atmospheric conditions: Methane

  15. The Moon/ Sun • The Moon: travels around Earth in an oval orbit at 36,800 kilometers per hour. The Moon does not have an atmosphere, so temperatures range from -184 degrees Celsius during its night to 214 degrees Celsius during its day except at the poles where the temperature is a constant -96 degrees Celsius. • The gravitational pull of the Moon on the Earth affects the ocean tides on Earth. The closer the Moon is to Earth, the greater the effect. • The Sun: thought to be 4.6 billion years old. The Sun is a medium–size star known as a yellow dwarf. It is a star in the Milky Way galaxy and the temperature in its core is estimated to be over 15,000,000 degrees Celsius. • In the Sun's core, hydrogen is being fused to form helium. The energy created by this process radiates up to the visible boundary of the Sun and then off into space. It radiates into space in the form of heat and light. exerts a powerful gravitational pull on everything in our solar system. It is because of the Sun's gravitational pull that Earth orbits the Sun in the manner that it does.

  16. Sources • http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/universe • http://dictionary.kids.net.au/word/gravitational_force • http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0909527.html • https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8 • https://www.google.com/imghp?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tab=wi

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