Unit 3 WWII – CHC2P/D

1. Unit 3 WWII – CHC2P/D Blitzkrieg and the Battles Ms. Pannell

2. Blitzkrieg – Lightening War Relentless Nazi air and ground attack using Stuka dive-bombers, tanks and mobilized infantry Was quick and took the enemy by surprise Topic 4 Blitzkrieg:

3. Sept 1939 - crushed: Poland > 1 month The Phoney War (Winter 1940) when no fighting took place Spring 1940 - Crushed: Denmark - 1 day Norway - 2 days The Netherlands – 5 days Belgium – 18 days France – 6 weeks Sept 1939, Spring 1940

4. Fall of France British and French troops pushed back to the English Chanel by advancing German soldiers – town of Dunkirk Britain could not afford to have any naval ships sunk during an attempted rescue Fisherman, ferry boats and pleasure sailors rescued trapped British soldiers. 350 000 rescued, equipment left behind Spring 1940 - Dunkirk

5. Blitzkrieg – the strategy • Air attack • Take out strategic sites • Create chaos in civilian population • Paratroopers secure strategic sites • Armored tank attack – break through into towns (create an entry ‘column’) • Infantry attack (troops arrive in truck loads – enter after tanks • City surrenders

6. Summer 1940 Britain stood alone in Europe Winston Churchill – Britain’s new P.M. “blood, toil, tears, and sweat” Halifax – assembling convoys (food, weapons, soldiers) “blood, toil, tears, and sweat” Eiffel Tower – 1889 centennial of French Revolution

7. British air force (RAF) and navy controlled the 50km Channel, separating Britain from France Germany needed to control the skies over the Channel before its planned invasion fleet could sail Battle of Britain

8. July 10, 1940 German air force Luftwaffe set out to clear the skies Targeted radar stations, airfields, ports and factories Slowly the first RAF planes were wiped out Battle of Britain continued

9. August – RAF bombed Berlin commander of the German air force, Herman Goeringretaliated with the “blitz” - bombing cities with the intention of terrorizing the civilian population into surrendering Battle of Britain continued London bombed 57 consecutive nights. By the end of May 1941, over 43,000 civilians had been killed by bombing, ½ in London

10. Battle of Britain continued • Londoners responded by moving into air-raid shelters, subway stations, reopening their stores every day and just “carrying on” • British resistance grew stronger, not weaker

11. London raids allowed few remaining spitfires and Hurricanes to regroup: new pilots were trained Planes came off assembly lines at about 500/month Sept 15, 1940: Luftwaffe attacked but the RAF was ready. The Luftwaffe was decidedly beaten! Battle of Britain continued

12. Battle of Britain won by a few hundred pilots: Canadians Poles Britons South Africans New Zealanders RAF lost 915 planes, Luftwaffe lost 1,722 planes Battle of Britain continued

13. WW2, a new direction for Hitler If Hitler could not wipe out Britain, he would turn against the Soviet Union

14. WWII overview Aug.1942 Cdn. Dieppe Raid Aug 1945 V.A. Day Atom Bomb Spring 1940 W. Europe Blitzkrieg Fall of: Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, France - Miracle at Dunkirk June 1941 O. Barbarossa Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union June 1944 D-Day – allied Invasion of W. Europe “O. Overlord” Sept 1939 Invasion of Poland Sept. 1943 – end of war Italian Campaign Dec 1941 Japanese invasion of Pearl Harbor Hong, Kong, and Many islands in The Pacific U.S. join the war Summer 1940 Battle of Britain May 1945 V.E. Day USSR Land Grab

15. Hitler redirects his attack eastward Breaks the non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union Attacks the Soviet Union The Allies and Soviets now united over a common enemy - Hitler Operation Barbarossa, June 1941 Over 4.5 million troops of the Axis powers invaded the USSR along a 2,900 km front

16. The Nazi would advance into the Soviet Union until the winter 1942. Hitler overestimated the strength of soviet tanks and manpower Soviets would eventually push the Germans back This marks the beginning of the end for the Nazis Operation Barbarossa continued