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Endocrine disruptors: effects on wildlife and human health

Environmental chemicals (typically persistent pollutants e.g. organochlorines) Perturb normal endocrine hormonal signaling Disrupt development or physiology In many cases, EDCs target the steroid nuclear receptor family of transcription factors (e.g. environmental estrogens activating the estrogen receptor) Mimic natural receptor ligands.

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Endocrine disruptors: effects on wildlife and human health

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    1. Endocrine disruptors: effects on wildlife and human health 1

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    8. Marine ship paints: Trialkytins are potent biocidal antifouling agents for molluscs Widely used during 1960-1970s Regulated but not completely phased out (date varies by country; worldwide ban by 2008 ?) Fungicide on high value food crops e.g. Brestan (triphenyltin acetate) for potatoes, rice, celery, pecans Wood preservative Catalysts for organic synthesis 8

    9. Imposex in molluscs (female to male sex characteristics) Direct inhibitory effect on aromatase (CYP19) enzymatic activity Also appears to block storage of testosterone as esters Alters shell development in bivalve molluscs 9

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    11. Imposex is causally linked to environmental organotin levels Prevalence of imposex can be quite high Closely associated with shipping and boating in most locations 11

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