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Fluid/Electrolyte Balance

Fluid/Electrolyte Balance. 60 % body weight is H 2 O 2/3 intracellular fluid 1/3 extracellular fluid plasma lymph electrolyte - salt that dissociates in solution into electrically charged particles called ions fluid balance transmission of nerve impulse muscular activity.

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Fluid/Electrolyte Balance

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  1. Fluid/Electrolyte Balance • 60 % body weight is H2O • 2/3 intracellular fluid • 1/3 extracellular fluid • plasma • lymph • electrolyte - salt that dissociates in solution into electrically charged particles called ions • fluid balance • transmission of nerve impulse • muscular activity

  2. Electrolyte replacement • sweat hypertonic • electrolyte more concentrated in sweat than blood • lose Na and K and Cl • lose small amount of calcium, magnesium, zinc • hot weather - supplement in feed or H2O • 3 parts NaCl • 1 part KCl • 4-17 gal of H2O/daily • add 2 oz (3 tbls) salt/daily

  3. Dehydration • fluid loss higher than intake • 5-10 liters in thoroughbred race • 25-30 liters in endurance race • losses mostly from ECF (blood) • decreased tissue perfusion • decreased O2 transport • decreased transport of energy substrates to muscle • elevated HR • loss of 3% (15 liter) - decreased performance • loss of 10% - serious problems

  4. blood sample • PCV 50% at 30 min post - dehydration • skin test • back instantly - OK • moderate dehydration - 2-4 sec • severe dehydration - 4-6 sec • capillary refill time more than 2 sec - dehydration • signs • persistently high HR and RR • weak pulse • poor refill time • muscle tremors • sunken eyeballs • dry mouth • dry feces

  5. more severe signs • cardiac arrhythmias • muscle cramps • diaphragmatic flutter • decreased sweating • CNS damage • treatment • oral and IV fluids • electrolyte supplement • exhaustive disease • depleted substrate and electrolyte balance

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