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Understanding the Classification of Living Things: A Guide to Taxonomy

Discover the importance of classifying living organisms through hierarchical systems established by pioneers like Carl Linnaeus. Learn about taxonomic levels, from domains to species, and the binomial nomenclature used to systematically name organisms. Explore examples such as Homo sapiens (humans) and Bubo virginianus (great horned owl). This guide also reviews historical shifts in classification, highlighting the emergence of new kingdoms and domains. Gain insights into the characteristics used in classification, including evolutionary relationships and derived traits, and understand their role in cladograms.

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Understanding the Classification of Living Things: A Guide to Taxonomy

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Classification of Living Things

  2. Why Classify? Scientific Names are dependable and universally accepted! Felis concolor – mountain lion, puma, panther, cougar

  3. Carolus Linnaeus – 1707-1778 Our system is based on his work. Heirarchical system – 7 levels.

  4. Seven Levels of Classification

  5. Naming Organisms Genus species Called Binomial Nomenclature! Examples: Homo sapiens – Human Bubo Virginianus – Great Horned Owl

  6. Changes Over Time Linnaeus (1735) – 2 kingdoms – Animal and Vegetable Haeckel (1866) – 3 kingdoms – Protists, Plants, and Animals Chatton (1937) – 2 empires – Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Copeland (1956) – 4 kingdoms – Monerans, Protists, Plants and Animals Whittaker (1969) – 5 kingdoms – Monerans, Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals Woese, et. al. (1977) – 6 kingdoms – Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants and Animals Woese, et. al. (1990) – 3 domains – Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya [edit]

  7. Complete classsification

  8. What characteristics are used? Similar structures Evolutionary relationships “Derived characters” – new characteristics that are evolutionary innovations Derived characteristics are used in cladograms.

  9. Cladogram

  10. Comparative Anatomy Turtle Human Horse Bird Bat Seal

  11. Human Coccyx and Monkey Tail

  12. Molecular Biology

  13. Comparative Embryology CHICK HUMAN

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