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Rhinovirus by

Rhinovirus by. OSAZEE ZIGGY OWIE #1324. RHINO VIRUS. INTRODUCTION REPLICATIVE CYCLE TRANSMISSION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNITY CLINICAL FINDINGS LAB DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT AND PREVENTION. INTRODUCTION.

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Rhinovirus by

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  1. Rhinovirusby OSAZEE ZIGGY OWIE #1324 ZIGGY

  2. RHINO VIRUS INTRODUCTION REPLICATIVE CYCLE TRANSMISSION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNITY CLINICAL FINDINGS LAB DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

  3. INTRODUCTION Rhinoviruses (greek origin (rhinoceros)rhin>"nose“ & ceros>”horn”) are the most common viral infective agents in humans and are the predominant cause of the common cold and mild respiratory illness. Rhinovirus infection proliferates in temperatures between 33–35 °C (91–95 °F), and this may be why it occurs primarily in the nose. Rhinovirus is a species in the genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family of viruses. nose 90% > pharynx70% > saliva 50% More than 100 serotypes,nasal secretions are infectious, Incubation period of 1 to 3 days ZIGGY

  4. ZIGGY

  5. REPLICATIONRhino viruses target nasal mucosa and respiratory epithelial cell.Also it’s co receptor is ICAM-1.Not stable below the pH of 5-6.Replicates extremely small numbers.viral quantity does not influence duration or severity of colds because small number of virus infected cells elaborate a variety of cytokines initiating a host inflammatory response, which orchestrate chemotaxis etc, resulting common cold symptoms

  6. Transmission of Rhinoviruses • There are two modes of transmission: via aerosols of respiratory droplets and from contaminated surfaces, including direct person-to-person contact(hand to hand). ZIGGY

  7. Epidemiology - Rhinoviruses. • Prevalent all over the world. • Close Contact. • Fingers and Hand - Hand washing. • High rate of infection in Infants and Children. ZIGGY

  8. Pathogenesis - Rhinoviruses • Entry through Respiratory tract. • Nasal Mucosa, can infect Lower Respiratory tract. • Chilling, wearing wet cloths do not produce infection. • But common cold starts with chills. • Local inflammation and cytokines may be responsible for the symptoms of common cold.

  9. Immunity – Rhinoviruses. • Antibodies in Nose • Recurrent infections with antigenic variants, may be 2-3 attacks a year. ZIGGY

  10. Clinical Findings. • Incubation 2-4 days, • Last for 7 days. • Sneezing, Nasal Obstruction, Sore throat, • May lead to secondary infection with Bacteria. ZIGGY

  11. Laboratory Diagnosis • Isolation of virus may be obtained from nasal or throat swabs collected early in infection. ZIGGY

  12. TREATMENT • No specific treatment because,treatments are Still Experimental . • Vaccines are unsuccessful. • Intranasal spray of Gamma Interferon for 5 Days • DRACO, a broad-spectrum antiretroviral therapy being developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has shown preliminary effectiveness in treating rhinovirus, as well as a number of other infectious viruses \

  13. PREVENTION • There is no vaccine to protect you against the common cold. However, you may be able to reduce your risk of getting a cold by • WASHING YOUR HANDS REGULARLY WITH SOAP • USE FACIAL TISSUE TO SNEEZE • COVER NOSE WHEN U SNEEZE • COVER MOUTH WHEN U COUGH • AVOID SICK PEOPLE • AVOID NOSE AND MOUTH TOUCHING WITH DIRTY HANDS ZIGGY

  14. Stop Spreading the Virus

  15. Use Tissue Paper • Use paper :Instead of shared cloth towels. Individuals with colds should always sneeze or cough into a facial tissue, and promptly throw it away.

  16. Hand washing • Hand washing is the simplest and most effective way to keep from getting rhinovirus colds. Children and adults should wash hands at key moments after nose-wiping, after diapering or toileting, before eating, and before preparing food.

  17. REFERENCES • Lessler J, Reich NG, Brookmeyer R, Perl TM, Nelson KE, Cummings DAT. (2009). "Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review". Lancet ID9 (5): 291–300. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70069-6.PMID19393959. • Jump up^ Fuji N, Suzuki A, Lupisan S, Sombrero L, Galang H, Kamigaki T, Tamaki R, Saito M, Aniceto R et al.; Suzuki; Lupisan; Sombrero; Galang; Kamigaki; Tamaki; Saito et al. (2011). "Detection of human rhinovirus C viral Genome in blood among children with severe respiratory infections in the Philippines". In Schulz, Thomas F. PLoS One6 (11): e27247.Bibcode:2011PLoSO...627247F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027247. • Jump up^ Robert B Couch (2005). "Rhinoviruses:Replication". In Anne O'Daly. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley.ISBN0-470-01590-X. • Jump up^Rossmann M, Arnold E, Erickson J, Frankenberger E, Griffith J, Hecht H, Johnson J, Kamer G, Luo M, Mosser A (1985). "Structure of a human common cold virus and functional relationship to other picornaviruses". Nature317 (6033): 145–53. Bibcode:1985Natur.317..145R. doi:10.1038/317145a0. PMID2993920. • Jump up^ Smith T, Kremer M, Luo M, Vriend G, Arnold E, Kamer G, Rossmann M, McKinlay M, Diana G, Otto M (1986). "The site of attachment in Human rhinovirus 14 for antiviral agents that inhibit uncoating". Science233 (4770): 1286–93.Bibcode:1986Sci...233.1286S. doi:10.1126/science.3018924. PMID3018924. • Jump up^Pevear D, Tull T, Seipel M, Groarke J (1999). "Activity of pleconaril against enteroviruses". Antimicrob Agents Chemother43 (9): 2109–15. PMC89431. PMID10471549.

  18. THANKS FOR LISTENING • OSAZEE ZIGGY OWIE. ZIGGY

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