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Trojan War. This is the most famous ancient war, which the Greeks ended with a trick, the Trojan Horse. At first, this war was just a myth, but new evidence thinks it might be real!. The Iliad and the Odyssey.
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Trojan War This is the most famous ancient war, which the Greeks ended with a trick, the Trojan Horse. At first, this war was just a myth, but new evidence thinks it might be real!
The Iliad and the Odyssey • We know about the Trojan War primarily from the works of Homer, the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the works of the Epic Cycle. • Epics of Homer • Oral tradition grows, especially epics of Homer—a blind storyteller • Epic—a narrative poem about heroic deeds • Homer’s epic the Iliad, about Trojan War, shows Greek heroic ideal
Greeks Create Myths • Greeks develop their own myths—traditional stories about gods • Greeks seek to understand mysteries of life through myths • Greeks attribute human qualities—love, hate, jealousy—to their gods • Zeus, ruler of Gods, lives on Mount Olympus with his wife, Hera • Zeus’s daughter Athena is goddess of wisdom and guardian of cities
Review of how Trojan War started: • a conflict among the goddesses started the Trojan War • Paris (Trojan) awarding a golden apple to the goddess Aphrodite, in return for which he was promised the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen or Helen of Troy
Conflict Continued • Perhaps it didn't matter to the gods -- especially the goddess of love -- whether Helen was already taken, but for mere mortals it did matter • unfortunately, Helen was already married. She was the wife of King Menelaus of Sparta.
The basics of The Iliad include • When:The Iliad takes place in the tenth year of the war between the allied forces we call Greek and the Trojans. It covers about 50 days. • What: As the poem states at the beginning, it is the story of the wrath of Achilles.Achilles isn't a randomly selected great war hero, though. If nothing else, it's his family that started the Trojan War because it was his parents' wedding to which the goddess Discord was not invited.
Achilles • Patroclus, Achilles friend, and his Myrmidons convinced Achilles they would make the difference in the battle. So Achilles let Patroclus take his men as well as Achilles' personal armor so that Patroclus would appear to be Achilles in the battlefield. • It worked, but since Patroclus was not as great a warrior as Achilles, Hector, the noble son of King Priam of Troy, struck Patroclus down.
The death of Patroclus spurred Achilles into action and he went into battle. • Achilles avenged himself. After killing Hector, he tied the body to the back of his war chariot and dragged Hector for days. Achilles eventually returned the corpse to Hector’s grieving father, King Priam of Troy. • In an ensuing battle Achilles was killed by an arrow to the one part of his body that was immortal.
The heel was the part that his mom had held when she had dipped him into the Styx, a river of immortality. • With Achilles' death, the Greeks lost their greatest fighter, but they still had their best weapon.
Summary • The greatest of the Greek heroes -- Achilles -- was dead. • The 10-year Trojan War, which had begun when the Greeks set sail to retrieve Menelaus' wife, Helen, from the Trojans, was at a stalemate. • Odysseus devised a plan that ultimately doomed the Trojans. Sending all the Greek ships into hiding, it appeared to the Trojans that the Greeks had given up.
Summary Cont. • The Greeks left a “parting gift” in front of the walls of the city of Troy; a giant wooden horse which appeared to be a peace offering • The jubilant Trojans dragged the monstrous, wheeled, wooden horse into their city to celebrate the end of the 10 years of fighting.
Summary Continued • That night, while the Trojans were more than a little comatose from too much drinking, the Greeks slipped quietly out the trap door Odysseus had had built in the horse's belly. • Killing Trojans and setting fire to the city, they quickly won the war.
