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Image Processing Fundamental II

This document explores the fundamental operations in digital image processing, focusing on arithmetic and logic operations, as well as transformations like translation, rotation, and flipping. It details operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division performed pixel-by-pixel between images. It also discusses basic logic operations including AND, OR, and NOT. Examples illustrate how these operations are applied in medical imaging to enhance image analysis and processing, ensuring accurate manipulation of image data while adhering to constraints and maximum value limits.

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Image Processing Fundamental II

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  1. Image Processing Fundamental II Operation & Transform

  2. Digital Image Operation & Transformation • Digital Image Operation • Arithmetic Operation • Logic Operation • Transformation • Translation • Rotation • Flip

  3. Arithmetic Operation • The arithmetic operations between two pixels p and q are denoted as followed: Subtraction : p – q Addition : p + q Multiplication : p * q Division : p / q

  4. Arithmetic Operation • Operation on entire images are carried out pixel by pixel. • If the result is real, truncate its value • If the result is over range, pick the maximum value • If the result if under range, pick the minimum value

  5. 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 Addition Operation IMAGE 2 IMAGE 1 + IMAGE 2 IMAGE 1 100 0 0 0 0 200 100 0 0 100 200 0 0 0 0 100

  6. 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 -100 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 -100 Subtraction Operation IMAGE 2 IMAGE 1 - IMAGE 2 IMAGE 1 0 0 Image subtraction is a basic tool in medical imaging, where it is used to remove static background information

  7. 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 255 255 Multiplication Operation IMAGE 2 IMAGE 1 * IMAGE 2 IMAGE 1 0 -100 0 0 0 0 10000 0 0 0 0 10000 0 0 0 0 -100 0

  8. 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 Division Operation IMAGE 2 IMAGE 1 / IMAGE 2 IMAGE 1 -100 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -100 0

  9. Arithmetic Operation Let there is 1 input images p is denoted of a pixel in digital image and c is a constrain. • Addition : p + c • Subtraction : p – c • Multiplication : p * c • Division : p / c

  10. Arithmetic Operation Example • Addition : p + 10 • Subtraction : p – 10 • Multiplication : p * 10 • Division : p / 10

  11. Logic Operation • Principal logic operations used in image processing are AND, OR, and COMPLEMENT, denoted as follows: AND : p AND q OR : p OR q NOT : NOT q

  12. 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 OR Operation IMAGE 2 1 OR 2 IMAGE 1 255 255 255 255 255 0 0 255 255 0 0 255 255 255 255 255

  13. 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 AND Operation IMAGE 2 1 AND 2 IMAGE 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

  14. 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 0 AND Operation NOT IMAGE 1 IMAGE 1

  15. Transformation rotate flip translate

  16. Translation • It can be written in function as

  17. Rotation • It can be written in function as

  18. FLIP MxN • Horizontal • Vertical

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