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Advanced Chemical Engineering: Multicomponent Distillation and Separation Techniques

This lecture series focuses on multicomponent separation methods in chemical engineering, particularly distillation using Aspen Plus. Topics include rigorous methods like RADFRAC and shortcut methods like DSTWU for systems involving benzene, toluene, and m-xylene. Students will learn about material and energy balances, residue curves, and phase behavior in distillation processes. Additional discussions encompass column internals, efficiencies, and complex distillation scenarios. This course aims to enhance understanding of both theoretical and practical applications in separation technologies.

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Advanced Chemical Engineering: Multicomponent Distillation and Separation Techniques

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  1. “Chemical Engineering Equilibrium Separations” Lectures 15 22-31 Oct 2012

  2. In-Class Problem benzene (17 mol%) toluene (66 mol%) m-xylene (17 mol%) DSTWU F = 100 kmol/s sat’d liquid 1 atm

  3. In-Class Problem

  4. In-Class Problem

  5. In-Class Problem

  6. In-Class Problem

  7. In-Class Problem

  8. In-Class Problem

  9. Overview • AspenPlus: • Shortcut methods: DSTWU • Rigorous method: RADFRAC • Efficiencies • Introduction to multicomponent distillation (Chapter 9)

  10. Homework Problem benzene (17 mol%) toluene (66 mol%) m-xylene (17 mol%) Xbz = 99 mol% DSTWU F = 100 kmol/s sat’d liquid 1 atm Xbz = 0.1 mol%

  11. HWK Problem-molefrac specified

  12. HWK Problem-molefrac specified

  13. Overview • Review rigorous methods / RADFRAC • Multicomponent systems: • Residue curves • DSTWU / RADFRAC • Rules of thumb • Complex (Enhanced) distillation • Column internals • Batch distillation

  14. Multicomponent Rigorous Methods Rigorous Methods: solution of stage by stage material balances, energy balances, and thermodynamic equilibrium equations.

  15. AspenPlus: RADFRAC Rigorous two- or three-phase fractionation for single columns. Models absorbers, strippers, reactive distillation, and so forth. • RadFrac is a rigorous model for simulating all types of multistage vapor liquid fractionation operations. In addition to ordinary distillation, it can simulate: • absorption, reboiled absorption, stripping, reboiled stripping, extractive and azeotropic distillation

  16. Rigorous Model

  17. AspenPlus: RADFRAC Rigorous two- or three-phase fractionation for single columns. Models absorbers, strippers, reactive distillation, and so forth. • RadFrac is a rigorous model for simulating all types of multistage vapor liquid fractionation operations. In addition to ordinary distillation, it can simulate: • absorption, reboiled absorption, stripping, reboiled stripping, extractive and azeotropic distillation • RadFrac is suitable for: • three phase systems, narrow boiling and wide boiling systems, systems exhibiting strong liquid phase nonideality • RadFrac can detect and handle a free water phase or other secondliquidphase anywhere in the column. You can decant free water from the condenser. • RadFraccan handle solids on every stage. • RadFrac can model columns where chemical reactions are occurring. Reactions can have fixed conversions, or they can be: • equilibrium, rate controlled, electrolytic • RadFrac can model columns where two liquid phases exist and different chemical reactions occur in the two liquid phases. RadFrac can also model salt precipitation. • RadFrac can operate in rating mode or design mode. • With Aspen Rate-Based Distillation feature, RadFrac can perform rate-based distillation calculations (packed tower configurations).

  18. Rating Mode

  19. Design Mode

  20. Rigorous Model

  21. Multicomponent Methods AspenPlus (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol): AspenPlusTxy

  22. “Residue” From Batch Distillation Seader & Henley (2006)

  23. Residue Curve Map

  24. Residue Curve Map

  25. Residue Curve Map

  26. DSTWU Zi= 1/3 MeOH recovery (dist.) = 99.9% EtOH recovery (dist.) = 0.1% R=1.2* Rmin

  27. RADFRAC Zi= 1/3 F= 100 kmol/h R=5.2 N=63 NF=31 D=33 kmol/h

  28. Residue Curve Map

  29. Plot Wizard

  30. NF = 21

  31. Set up Scheme 2 (1st column only) • Run DSTWU • Run RADFRAC • Check performance

  32. Questions?

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