Music History

1. Music History An Abbreviated History of Western Classical Music

2. Definitions • WESTERN MUSIC • CLASSICAL MUSIC

3. Antiquity • Earliest known Instruments • The Purpose of Music • Communication • Signaling • Religious Ceremony • Entertainment

4. Ancient Civilizations • Chinese (2000 BC) • Stringed instruments (ch’in) • Pentatonic scale • Egyptians (25th century BC) • Lute, lyre, harp • Hebrews • Shofar (rams horn)

5. Ancient Civilizations • Greeks (3000 - 30 BC) • Kithara (lyre), aulos • Music for plays and festivals • Romans (1000 BC - 500 AD) • Brass trumpets and horns • Music used for warfare

6. The Middle Ages 400 - 1400 AD • Medieval Period • Class system • Nobility • Clergy • peasants

7. The Middle Ages 400 - 1400 AD Sacred Music • Music of the church • Plainsong (sung in Latin) • Chant (monophonic) • Gregorian Chant • Mass

8. The Middle Ages Sacred Music The Mass as a Compositional Form • Composers wrote the music • Text (words, lyrics) from the “Ordinary” of the Mass (liturgy) 36+

9. Sacred Music The Ordinary of the Mass • Kyrie (Lord Have Mercy) • Gloria (Glory to God…) • Credo (Creed) • Sanctus (Holy, Holy, Holy) • Benedictus (Blessed is He..) • Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) 36+

10. Holy, Holy, Holy

11. Lamb 0f God

12. The Middle Ages Secular Music • Non-religious • Minstrels, Troubadours, Trouvères and Minnesingers • Sung in the common language • String and percussion accompaniments

13. The Middle Ages Secular Music Adam de la Halle (ca. 1237 - 1287) • Trouvère from France • Composed first musical play “Jeu de Robin et de Marion”

16. The Renaissance 1400 - 1650 • Great advances in science and math • Copernicus, Galileo • Age of exploration • Great achievements in art • Leonardo da Vinci • Michaelangelo

17. The Renaissance 1400 - 1650 And literature William Shakespear

18. The Renaissance 1400 - 1650 • Rise of the Middle Class • Reformation (ca. 1500) • Led by Martin Luther • Chorale style (hymn singing by entire congregation)

19. The Renaissance 1400 - 1650 Sacred Music • Polyphonic vocal music • Motet Gregorian Chant out of favor

20. The Renaissance 1400 - 1650 Sacred Music • The Counter Reformation • Palestrina (1525 - 1594)

21. Givanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

22. The Renaissance 1400 - 1650 Sacred Music • The Counter Reformation • Palestrina (1525 - 1594) • Kyrie from Missa Papae Marcelli

23. The Renaissance 1400 - 1650 Secular Music • Polyphonic vocal music • Madrigals • Instrumental Music

24. Instrument Families • Woodwinds • Brass • Strings • Keyboard • percussion

25. Woodwinds • Double reeds • Shawm • Krummhorn • Whistles and open hole • recorder • flutes

26. Shawm

27. Krumhorn

28. Krumhorn Reed and Cap

29. Recorder

30. Recorder Family

31. Renaissance Flutes

32. Brass • Cornett (trumpet ancestor) • Sacbut (trombone ancestor) • Serpant (tuba ancestor)

33. Muted Cornett

34. Sacbut

35. Serpent

36. Strings • Viols • Harp • Lute • Dulcimer

37. Viols

38. Viola da Gamba

39. Harp

40. Lute

41. HammeredDulcimer

42. Dulcimers

43. Keyboards Spinet Clavichord

44. Spinet

45. Clavichord

46. Clavichord

47. Percussion Drums frame drums shell drums Other tambourines finger cymbals

48. Frame Drums

49. Drum or Tambor

50. Tambourines