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Understanding Lower Animals: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Unsegmented Worms

This overview explores the fascinating characteristics of lower animals, focusing primarily on Sponges (Phylum Porifera), Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria), and Unsegmented Worms (Phylum Platyhelminthes and Nematoda). Sponges are simple filter feeders with unique body structures and a spicule skeleton. Cnidarians exhibit two life stages and use nematocysts for feeding, while Unsegmented Worms include both free-living and parasitic species, characterized by their bilateral symmetry. Each group plays a vital role in ecosystems, contributing to medicine, natural toxins, and various habitats.

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Understanding Lower Animals: Sponges, Cnidarians, and Unsegmented Worms

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  1. Lower animals • Sponges • Cnidarians • Unsegmented worms

  2. Sponges Phylum: Porifera

  3. Form & Function • Body wall around central cavity • Pores

  4. Water moves in by flagella on collar cells • H2O moves out of osculum

  5. Make-up • Spicule skeletonCaCo3 or SiO2 • Spongin protein

  6. Life processes • Filter feeders • Water flow • Excretory, respiratory& internal transport

  7. Reproduction • Sexual • Gemmules • Like a spore • Budding

  8. Nervous system • No brains • No feelings

  9. In the world • Shrimp snails worms bacteria live in, on, and under them

  10. People uses • Bath sponges • Medicines • Natural toxins against bacteria

  11. Phylum: Cnidaria

  12. What are they • Soft bodied animals • Tentacles around the mouth

  13. 2 stages of Life • Polyp • stationary stage • Medusa • Motile bell-shape

  14. Polyp stage

  15. Medusa stage

  16. Digestion & Feeding • Gastrovascular cavity • Nematocysts • Use photosynthesis

  17. Nervous system • No brain • Nerve net on mouth • For feeding

  18. Class:Hydrozoa • Hydra • Usually polyps • Some hermaphrodites • Ex. Portuguese man-o-war

  19. Class:Scyphozoa • Jellyfish • Most harmless Cause pain • Few can Kill

  20. Class:Anthozoa • Anenomes & corals • In tide pools • Make-up reefs

  21. Cnidarians in the world • Reef ecosystems • medicines

  22. Unsegmented worms • Platyhelminthes • Flatworms • Nematoda • Roundworms

  23. Platyhelminthes • Platy • flat • Helminth • worm

  24. Platyhelminthes Simplest animals with bilateral symmetry

  25. Lifestyles of the Flat and simple Brained • Free-living • Parasites

  26. Free-living • Eat with mouth & pharynx • Excrete through mouth

  27. Parasites • Absorb digested nutrients • Pharynx- intestinal sac

  28. Circulation • No circulatory system • Diffusion used to transport

  29. Nervous system • Simple brain • Long nerve cord • Ocelli eye spot

  30. Examples • Planarians

  31. Examples • Flukes

  32. Examples • Tapeworms

  33. Phylum:Nematoda Roundworms

  34. Life-styles… • Both Parasites & free-living • Round tube shaped w/ both mouth and anus

  35. Circulation • No internal transport • Goes through body wall

  36. Nervous system • No Brains • Ganglia nerves • Detect chemicals and movement

  37. Reproduction • Sexual- must be inside host to reproduce.

  38. IN the world • Hookworm- enter the foot • Trichonosis • Trichinella

  39. Filarial Worms-Circulatory and Lymphatic System

  40. exploded intestine

  41. Pinworms

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