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SHOULDER ANATOMY

SHOULDER ANATOMY. BONY ANATOMY. Humerus • proximal end articulates with scapula to from shoulder • distal end articulates with bones of the forearm to form elbow. Scapula • the shoulder blade Glenoid fossa has ring of cartilage called labrum to deepen the articular surface

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SHOULDER ANATOMY

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  1. SHOULDER ANATOMY

  2. BONY ANATOMY

  3. Humerus •proximal end articulates with scapula to from shoulder • distal end articulates with bones of the forearm to form elbow

  4. Scapula • the shoulder blade Glenoid fossa has ring of cartilage called labrum to deepen the articular surface • the glenoid fossa of the scapula articulates with the humerus to form the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) • the acromion process articulates with the clavicle to from the acromioclavicular joint (tip of the shoulder)

  5. Clavicle • distally articulates with the acromion process to form the AC joint • Proximally articulates with the sternum to form SC joint

  6. Review of Joints • Glenoid fossa+humerus=glenohumeral joint (GH) (scapula) • Acromion process + clavicle =acromioclavicular (scapula) (AC) • Sternum + clavicle=sternoclavicular (SC) • Scapula+rib cage= scapulothoracic articulation

  7. MUSCLATURE

  8. Trapezius • large, triangular muscle • starts at base of skull, runs out to tip of shoulder and down to the 12th thoracic vertebrae • functions to shrug and square the shoulders

  9. Rhomboids • group of two muscles that run diagonally from the spine to the medial border of the scapula • they function to retract the scapula

  10. Latissimus Dorsi • the “lats” • gives wing like appearance to sides • starts along the thoracic vertebrae of back and inserts on the anterior aspect of humerus • functions extend , adduct and medially rotate the arm

  11. Pectoralis Major • the chest muscle • originates along the sternum and clavicle, inserts on the humerus • it functions to: ~ adduct ~ flex ~medially rotate the arm.

  12. Deltoid • the muslce that gives contour to the shoulder • originates along the spine of the scapula and clavicle, inserts on the humerus • all fibers abduct the arm • anterior fibers: flex and medially rotate arm • posterior fibers: extend and laterally rotate arm

  13. Biceps • the “popeye” muscle • on anterior aspect of arm • crosses both the shoulder and elbow • flexes the arm

  14. Triceps • on the posterior aspect of the arm • crosses both the shoulder and elbow • extends the arm

  15. Rotator Cuff • Group of four muscles that act to hold the head of the humerus into the glenoid fossa • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus • Teres Minor • Subscapularis

  16. Rotator Cuff cont. • Supraspinatus: 1st 10 degrees of abduction • Infraspinatus: external rotation • Teres minor: external rotation • Subscapularis: internal rotation

  17. ** Note that there are no muscles on the inferior aspect of the shoulder!! This will be important when we talk about shoulder injuries

  18. Labrum • Ring of cartilage similar to the menisci of the knee. • Deepens the articular surface of the genoid fossa and adds to the stability of the shoulder

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