Population Trends and Issues

1. Population Trends and Issues

2. Population Sources of Population Population Theory Spatial Distribution & Population Density Population Determinants & Influences Population Change & Growth trends Population issues Urbanisation

3. Population Demography is the study of Population Business people must understand the size & density of �a market�-group of people Population is a key indicator of a country Global Population 6.5 Billion Australia�s Population 20 million Global Population projection 2025 9 Billion

4. Population sources/data collection Census �Counting people & collection of information Australia�s Census every 5 years-Commonwealth Gov Legislation Population Registers by Governments & compiled in ABS ( Australian Bureau of Statistics) Historically for Government-Taxation reasons & churches played a role in recording populations Last Australian Census 2001 Next 2006

5. Population sources cont�d Census provides Government information for Decision making at a National & Local level www.dfat.gov.au International Reports produced by: United Nations-Population Division The World Bank World Health Organisation CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)

6. Population Theory Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) Model of Population Growth Population natural growth rate by a geometric progression (1-2-4-8-16-32-64�.) Natural Resources supporting populations grow arithmetically (1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9..) Pressure on Living Standards-living space & output (use, wastage�.on resources)

7. Population Theory cont�d� Natural Balances achieved by: Misery-Famine, disease & War ( Africa �AIDS epidemic & Civil War, Vietnam War, SIDS�) Moral Restraint-Sexual Abstinence & Late Marriages (Australia ) Vice-Abortion, Sexual Perversion & Infanticide ( Forced Abortion in China, killing female babies demanding male

8. Population Theory cont�d Relative gains in food production over population growth leads to higher population growth Contradicted the optimistic view that society�s fertility leads to economic progress No consideration of migration/immigration and effects on population distribution

9. Global Population Distribution Five major Population concentrations containing 70% of the global population or 8% of the world land area North East Asia-China, Japan, Taiwan, North & South Korea (25% of global population & projected to decline <22% in 2025) Labour intensive Industries supporting large rural populations ( except Japan) Huge Industrial & High Tech Industries in NE Asia

10. Global Population South East Asia-Indonesia, Philippines,Singapore, Thailand & Malaysia. 7% Global population Projected to grow 150 million 2025 Pressure on Economic growth Developing Economies

11. Global Population cont�d� South Asia-India, Pakistan, Bangladesh & Sri Lanka 21% Global Population increasing 23% 2025 Experienced significant population growth India 1.1 Billion (1999) Bangladesh 130 million Pakistan 140 million

12. Global Population cont�d�. Europe-European Union Population 330 million 12% of global population Low population growth & decline to 8% of global population 2025 High Industrialisation concentrations

13. Global Population Distribution cont�d North America (USA & Canada) 5% Global Population in metropolitan areas Low population growth-0.8% High Industrialisation High Living Standards-Per Capita Incomes

14. Global Population cont�d Central America �Population 132 million (1999) South America-Population 453 million Oceania-NZ, Tahiti, Polynesia, Fiji, Micronesia) 5.9 million

15. Population Determinants & Influences Historical reasons have a key element in developing a countries population (Early civilisations in Europe & Asia reflect the long history in developing the size of a countries modern population) Physical Influences-climate affects population distribution.Extremes of heat & cold-low population densities

16. Population influences Spatial relationships & accessibility to land area, vegetation, soil, water supplies & mineral deposits Gold Rush & Modern population shift from rural to urban areas for work opportunities Economic, social, political & cultural, factors-Government influences on Birth control & migration, Religion-large Christian families Demographic factors-differentials in Birth & Death rates, male & female, age structures and migration flows

17. Population Change (PC) Changes in population distribution and composition as a result of interaction between births(B), death(D) & migration(NM) PC=B-D+/- NM World Population growing 88 million people annually 2.06% 1965-70 1.4% 1995-00

18. Population issues Population growth by 88 million annually but natural resources remain finite/limited High Population densities occur in developing countries Poverty, Famine, & Disease impacts broadly across the globe Limited resources-Low literacy levels, lack of hospital & medical services

19. Population issues Unemployment-social& economic problems (Abuse,Crime & Social Disorientation) Urbanisation-High & Low Income levels (Have�s & Have nots) High Consumption levels in Western/ Modern economies increasing pressure on natural resources Pollution levels-Air, Water & Land

20. Population issues cont�d Wastage & Increasing problems of landfills-Toxic wastes Intensive agriculture-Over grazing increase levels of Hydro Carbons-Ozone Hole, Salinity,Low Crop Yields-Income inequality food & water shortages Environmental problems-Deforestation & animal/plant diversity declines

21. Population issues cont�d�. Asylum Seekers World Peace & Equality????