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POPULATION ISSUES

POPULATION ISSUES. Define demographics. Population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to over 6 (7) billion today. 80% of the world’s population lives in LDC’s. 90% of the world’s population lives above the equator. People are living longer in virtually all countries. Why?.

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POPULATION ISSUES

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  1. POPULATION ISSUES Define demographics Population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to over 6 (7) billion today. 80% of the world’s population lives in LDC’s 90% of the world’s population lives above the equator. People are living longer in virtually all countries. Why? Medical revolution Arithmetic (linear) growth: 2,4,6,8,10,12, etc…. Exponential growth: 2,4,8,16,32,64,128, etc…. Population grows exponentially.

  2. Doubling time The number of years it takes for a population to double. At a rate of 3% growth per year, a population will double in 25 years. For now and the foreseeable future, most live in Africa and Asia. Technology has allowed people to adapt to natural constraints in growth. First Agricultural Revolution Neolithic Revolution Second Agricultural Revolution Industrial Revolution Third Agricultural Revolution Green Revolution

  3. When does a country become overpopulated? When it exceeds its carrying capacity (when it can’t feed its people.) Terminology: Rate of natural increase Affected by economic development (healthcare, employment, nutrition, education.) Crude birth rate minus crude death rate (+ - immigration Crude birth rate Crude death rate Fertility rate Infant mortality rate

  4. The better women are educated, the lower the RNI. Gender empowerment Women are expected to stay home and raise children. Cultural traditions: Public policy: China, India, France How is the One Baby Policy affecting China’s future?

  5. Population Sustainability PEDS make up around 25% of the world’s population, yet use 75% of the world’s resources. The percentage of the world’s surface that is fit or habitation is called the “ecumene.”

  6. Population density: Physiological density Agricultural (arable) density Arithmetic density The heaviest populated regions. Is population density a good gauge for development?

  7. Demographic Transition Model Stage I: high birth rate, high death rate, little growth. This describes most of human history. Stage II: high birth rate, low death rate. Industrial and medical revolution. Peds and pings? Stage III: low birth rate, low death rate. A generally balanced population. Population is not being replaced, population decline. Stage IV: low birth rate, low death rate.

  8. Thomas Malthus Economist writing at the turn of the 18th/19th centuries, Malthus predicted dire consequences as the population began to boom. He stated the population would soon exceed the food supply. Based on what he saw in Britain during the Industrial Revolution. technology What did he not account for? Note: if there is no majority group but multiple minorities, the group with the highest growth rate will eventually become the majority and population growth will mirror their growth. Neo-Malthusians: They are predicting the population will outstrip resources.

  9. Population pyramids Displays the gender and age of age groups. Which are peds, which are pings? Give an example of a country (region) that would match each pyramid. You can predict trends for the future.

  10. Demographic momentum The time (process) it takes for a population to begin to drop even after the birth rate has been reduced. Moving population pyramid of China

  11. What does this pyramid imply economically regarding the Chinese population in Indonesia?

  12. Dependency ratio The number in the population that is below 15 and over 65 (the dependants.)

  13. Remember, the population in many MDC’s is declining, while most of the population growth in the world is coming in LDC’s. 30 d N How will this affect: poverty, development, migration, culture, resources, conflict?

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