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Investigating Cosmic Ray Composition in Ultra-High-Energy Air Showers: Experimental Findings

This study presents findings from the EAS (Extensive Air Shower) observations conducted in Pylos, focusing on cosmic ray composition and its implications across different energy levels. The report analyzes the dependencies between muon numbers and electron density, highlighting a significant discrepancy in EAS that may indicate the presence of a new EAS component beyond the spectrum break. This research proposes the experimental method of combining EAS with electromagnetic components to further explore phenomena at ultra-high energy, suggesting a potential astrophysical origin for newly identified particles.

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Investigating Cosmic Ray Composition in Ultra-High-Energy Air Showers: Experimental Findings

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  1. CR COMPOSITION AT THE BREAK AREA Shaulov S.B., Cherdyntceva K.V., Chubenko A.P., Kokobaev M., Kruglov A.V., Krupchatnicova J.A., Nesterova N.M., Nicolskaya N.M., Pavluchenko V.P., Piscal V.V., Vildanov N.G., Vildanova L.I. 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  2. Введение • Объявите цель доклада • Представьтесь 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  3. HADRON(Tien-Shan, 3340m) Emulsion chambers EAS array 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  4. Dependencies <Nm>-Ne are compared for two groups of EAS: -All EAS (~400 000) -EAS withg-families (~1700)-one EC (~6400)-two EC (2004) • Selection criteria: -EAS in circleR 20 m, with zenith angles q  30° -g-families at EC: еEg  10 TeV, Ng 1 (Ng = 1 ~70%) 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  5. <N> - Ne dependencies 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  6. What is strange here? 1. <N> - Ne dependencies coincide for two groups up to break and differ above them. 2. EAS+ are the proton events mainly and must have relatively small muon numbers, i.e. <N> - Ne for EAS+ must lay under one for all EAS !!! 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  7. This discrepancy with ordinary situation don’t depends of CR composition, because… 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  8. Mix composition <N> Fe Protons - Protons with Ne 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  9. Possible methodical distortions were checked: 1. Vertical moving EAS+ curve because of muon LDF difference for EAS and EAS+ - absent as LDFs coincide 2. Horizontal moving EAS+ curve because of Ne-E0 difference for EAS and EAS+ -difference exists, but in opposite direction… 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  10. Model (M. Tamada) E0-Ne for EAS and EAS+ 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  11. What does it means ? 1. Primary nuclei, consisting of nucleons, can’t generate EAS which have EC -quanta and relatively large <N> simultaniousely! 2. A new EAS component arise above the EAS spectrum break. 3. This component origin is unknown. - It may be part of primary CR (SQM-?) - It may be generated by CR nuclei at atmosphere (QGM-?) 4. The experimental data permit to conclude that we deal with not-nucleus component at area above EAS spectrum break! 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  12. Ne spectrum for EAS+ EAS+ Preliminary 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  13. Additional conclusions… • It seams that the new experimental methodEAS+ECpermits to resolve the break problem, so this kind experiment necessary to develop. • If a new component has an astrophysical origin and consists of SQM particles with mass ~1 TeV, then it may explains the absence of CR spectrum cut for energy ~51019 eV (GZK-effect). 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

  14. 6-12 Sept., 2004, Pylos

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