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Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements

Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements. 2.1 Elements and Symbols 2.2 Periodic Table. Elements. Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium.

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Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements

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  1. Chapter 2Atoms and Elements 2.1 Elements and Symbols 2.2 Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake

  2. Elements • Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes • Are the building blocks of matter • 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium LecturePLUS Timberlake

  3. Symbols of Elements • Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations • Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon Co cobalt N nitrogen Ca calcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake

  4. Symbols from Latin Names Element Symbol Latin name Copper Cu cuprum Gold Au aurum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury Hg hydrargyrum Potassium K kalium Silver Ag argentum Sodium Na natrium Tin Sn stannum LecturePLUS Timberlake

  5. % Major Elements in the Body O 65.0 % K 0.34 C 18.0 S 0.26 H 10.0 Na 0.14 N 3.0 Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004 P 1.0 Zn 0.003 Mg 0.50 Trace Elements As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V LecturePLUS Timberlake

  6. Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C 2) Ca 3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S 2) Sl 3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake

  7. Solution Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 2) Ca B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake

  8. Learning Check Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium 2) phogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver 2) agean 3) gold LecturePLUS Timberlake

  9. Solution Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver LecturePLUS Timberlake

  10. Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties. LecturePLUS Timberlake

  11. Physical Properties The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance. • Color • Size • Shape • Density • Freezing and Boiling Points • Odor LecturePLUS Timberlake

  12. Groups of Elements • Vertical columns on the periodic table • Similar physical properties • Similar chemical properties LecturePLUS Timberlake

  13. Groups on the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LecturePLUS Timberlake

  14. Representative Groups • Group 1 Alkali Metals • Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 7 Halogens • Group 8 Noble Gases LecturePLUS Timberlake

  15. Location of Some Groups 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A l m k e a t l a i l s A l k a l i n e H a l o g e n s I G n a e s r e t s LecturePLUS Timberlake

  16. Periods on the Periodic Table • Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8. • Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. • Include representative elements and transition elements LecturePLUS Timberlake

  17. Periods on the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 LecturePLUS Timberlake

  18. Learning Check A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron LecturePLUS Timberlake

  19. Solution A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3 2) magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake

  20. Learning Check A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn D. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb LecturePLUS Timberlake

  21. Solution A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 2) magnesium C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb D. Nonmetals in Group VA 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake

  22. Metals and Nonmetals Metals • Located to the left of the heavy line • Shiny, ductile • Good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals • Located to the right of the heavy line • Dull and brittle • Poor conductors, good insulators LecturePLUS Timberlake

  23. Metals and Nonmetals Transition metals NONMETALS METALS METALS LecturePLUS Timberlake

  24. Learning Check Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur ____ B. chlorine ____ C. sodium ____ D. iron ____ E. carbon ____ F. silver ____ LecturePLUS Timberlake

  25. Solution Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur 2 B. chlorine 2 C. sodium 1 D. iron 1 E. carbon 2 F. silver 1 LecturePLUS Timberlake

  26. Learning Check Select the correct elements: A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb LecturePLUS Timberlake

  27. Solution A. Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb B. Nonmetals in Group 5A 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake

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