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Gas Exchange

This resource details the process of gas exchange occurring in alveoli, where thin walls facilitate diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It highlights the unique water coating around alveoli that presents challenges due to surface tension. The information provided includes a breakdown of blood composition—focusing on red and white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Additionally, essential functions of the respiratory system, such as oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal, are discussed, alongside references for further reading.

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Gas Exchange

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  1. Gas Exchange By Ben Howard, Margaret Ciocca, and Nellie Stoeckle

  2. Alveoli • Site of gas exchange through diffusion • Very thin walls, coated with thin film water • Problem: water molecules more attracted to each other than the air (surface tension) • Very Abundant - 300,000,000 • Area of 75 square meters • http://www.bmu.unimelb.edu.au/examples/gasxlung/

  3. Major Functions of the Respiratory System • Oxygen uptake • Carbon dioxide removal • Supplies blood with oxygen so blood can supply tissues with oxygen

  4. How it Works • http://www.biosolutions.info/2008/10/gas-exchange-in-lungs.html • Exchange alveoli-capillary through simple diffusion

  5. Composition of Blood • Straw-colored plasma (90% water) with suspended cells • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets

  6. Plasma • 55% blood volume • Liquid portion of blood • Houses many things • Electrolytes • Vitamins • Nutrients • Even more: • Hormones, clotting factors, proteins, immunoglobulins

  7. Red Blood Cells • 99% of cells in blood • Principal carriers of hemoglobin • Picks up oxygen in lungs, delivers • 4 heme groups surrounding a globin group • Can pick up 4 oxygens • Discotic shape

  8. White Blood Cells • Part of Immune System • Also “cleaning ladies” - remove dead cells and debris • Dead white blood cells build up, become pus • AIDS results is a reduced white blood cell count

  9. Blood Platelets • Sticky, so form clots to stop bleeding • Calcium and Vitamin K needed to clot

  10. Bibliography • Bianco, MD, Carl. "How Your Heart Works." How Stuff Works. 10/30/08. HowStuffWorks, INC, Web. 9 Nov 2009. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/heart.htm>. • Freudenrich, Ph.D., Craig. "How Your Lungs Work." How Stuff Works. 10/30/2008. HowStuffWorks, INC., Web. 9 Nov 2009. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/lung.htm>. • Verma, Ajay Mark. "Anatomy and Physiology of Respiratory System Tutorial." The Virtual Autospy. University of Leicester, Web. 9 Nov 2009. <http://www.le.ac.uk/pathology/teach/va/copy.html> • "Respiration." Human Physiology. Web. 9 Nov 2009. <http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/RITCHISO//301notes6.htm>. • Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. Biology: The Unity and Diversit of Life. 9th ed. Pacitic Grove,CA: Brooks/Cole, 2001. 88-89. Print.

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