1. Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring

2. Types of Bonds Review Transfer Electrons Unit Cell Ionic Molecule Covalent Metallic Share Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e-)

3. Electronegativity and bond types • Another way to usually tell whether a bond is ionic or covalent is with electronegativities • Electronegativity (Page 194)– the tendency of an atom to gain electrons in a chemical bond. • If the difference between the electronegativities is large, the bond tends to be ionic. If it is small, it tends to be covalent. • Compounds can have both, but usually show one type more than the other chemically, usually ionic).

4. Naming Covalent Compound

5. Types of Covalent Compounds • Diatomic molecules (twins): ________________________________ ________________________________ • NEVER FOUND AS SINGLE ATOMS if “alone” • Their names are just the name of the element H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 There are seven diatomic molecules

6. Binary Molecular Compounds Non-metals with no H+ ___________________________(no metals or ions) i.e. Does not start with an H. • Steps to name compounds • _________ _________ - use entire name • _________ _________ - change ending to –ide • Prefixes used to indicate _________ of atoms of each p. 832 • Only time that no prefix is used is if the first is a one • Examples: CCl4 – As2O3 – Name first Name second number carbon tetra chloride di arsenic tri oxide

7. The Prefixes Mono- monocle Di- Dialogue Tri- tricycle Tetra- Tetris Octa- octopus Penta- pentagon

8. Acids • Always begin with ______ • Two Types: _________ and ___________ H+ binary oxyacid Remember: The number of hydrogen atoms in the acid equals the charge of the anion

9. Binary Acids H+ O • Binary Acids - ______ but no _______ • Steps to name compounds • Use prefix - _________ • Root of second element plus suffix - _________ followed by the word acid • Example: HCl - hydro -ic hydro chloric acid

10. Oxyacids O polyatomic ion • – has a ________________, so most have ___ Steps to name compounds • Identify polyatomic ion p. 178 • Use root of anion, change suffix ending and word acid • Suffix rules: ends in ate  change to _________ • ends in ite  change to _________ Example: HNO3 - -ic -ous nitric acid

11. Hydrocarbons • a compound containing carbon and hydrogen • Named using prefixes that correspond to the number of carbons in the compound. • 1 – meth • 2 – eth • 3 – prop • 4 – but • After this it used the “normal” prefixes

12. Hydrocarbons • Ending refers to the type of functional group found in the compound. • The simplest hydrocarbon ends in -ane which means that the hydrocarbon only has single bonds and the number of hydrogen atoms equal 2(Carbon atoms)+2.

13. Practice Phosphorous pentachloride Binary Molecular Hydroiodic acid Binary Acid Nitrogen Diatomic Hydrocarbon ethane Oxyacid Phosphic acid Chlorous acid Oxyacid Dinitrogen tetrahydride Binary Molecular