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CO 2 Impact through Weight Variation on Light duty Vehicles

WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-076. CO 2 Impact through Weight Variation on Light duty Vehicles. WLTP DTP6, Geneva 8.6.2011 OICA, Volkswagen. Summary. This is a summary of a presentation given by Volkswagen to the subgroup DTP LabProcICE on 18./19. of May 2011 in Brussels.

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CO 2 Impact through Weight Variation on Light duty Vehicles

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  1. WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-076 CO2 Impact through Weight Variation on Light duty Vehicles WLTP DTP6, Geneva 8.6.2011 OICA, Volkswagen

  2. Summary • This is a summary of a presentation given by Volkswagen to the subgroup DTP LabProcICE on 18./19. of May 2011 in Brussels. • Based on a evaluation of energies required for driving a vehicle in a test cycle, the impact on CO2 through variation of weight can be assessed. • For a given medium size car in dynamic test cycles the weight is varied and the difference in CO2 is shown. • This method can be applied to any other energy variation in different test cycles. CO2 impact through weight variation OICA, Volkswagen AG for DTP6, Geneva, 8.6.2011

  3. Energy data in NEDC for 11 km (for rolling resistance and acceleration resistance): WR = ∫FR*ds = m*g*fR*∫ds = m*g*fR*c WR ; c WR = s = 11.013 m Wa = ∫Fa*ds = m* ∫a*ds = m*cWa ; c Wa = 1.227 m²/s² Energy data in NEDC: WR = m*g*fR*cWR = 1.410 kJ (11 km); 12.817 kJ (100 km) Wa+ = m*cWa = 1.601 kJ (11 km); 14.556 kJ (100 km) Energy data for 100 km reduced by natural energy regeneration during deceleration with fuel cut-off. 15% for WR (0% for Wa+): WR = 10.894 kJ Wa+ = 14.556 kJ CO2 impact through weight variation OICA, Volkswagen AG for DTP6, Geneva, 8.6.2011 3 Vehicle data: m = 1.305 kg reference mass (curb-weight + 100 kg) fR = 0,01 rolling-resistance coefficient g = 9,81 m/s² gravitational acceleration

  4. By multiplication the energy data for 100 km with weight-factor 100 kg/1.305 kg the result for this individual car is the energy per 100 km caused by a weight variation of 100 kg. WR(100 km, 100 kg) = 10.894 * 100/1.305 = 835 kJ Wa(100 km, 100 kg) = 14.556 * 100/1.305 = 1.115 kJ Summation of energy for 100 kg: 1.950 kJ (0,542 kWh) • Energy data for rolling resistance and acceleration resistance are proportional to the vehicle’s weight. This question is to be answered: What is the effect on fuel consumption for a conventional vehicle with diesel- or gasoline-engine caused by the energy, as result of weight-variation of 100 kg? CO2 impact through weight variation OICA, Volkswagen AG for DTP6, Geneva, 8.6.2011

  5. bsfc map: 3,6 l 6-cylinder gasoline-engine ca. 70 kW at point of best efficiency 240 g/kWh → η = 34,5 % 66,7 l/100 km at 33,6 km/h (NEDC) mean effective pressure [bar] rpm [1/min] CO2 impact through weight variation OICA, Volkswagen AG for DTP6, Geneva, 8.6.2011

  6. 3.6l 6-Cyl. gasoline-engine map visualized in willans-figure Fuel consumption [l/h] Power [kW] CO2 impact through weight variation OICA, Volkswagen AG for DTP6, Geneva, 8.6.2011

  7. Willans-line’s slope in sections of lower load and lower engine speed Fuel consumption [l/h] ΔPout/ΔPin = const. = 0,264 l/kWh Power [kW] CO2 impact through weight variation OICA, Volkswagen AG for DTP6, Geneva, 8.6.2011

  8. The difference efficiency of conventional gasoline- and diesel-engines is approximately constant in the lower section of the engine map. The map‘s lower section is relevant for the fuel consumption determining driving cycles. For gasoline engines: 0,264 l/h (628 gCO2/h) per kW or 0,264 l/kWh With ρ = 0,75 kg/l and Hu = 43500 kJ/kg the result is: ηDiff. gasoline≈ const ≈ 42 %. For diesel engines*: 0,22 l/h (583 gCO2/h) pro kW or 0,22 l/kWh With ρ = 0,84 kg/l and Hu = 42500 kJ/kg the result is: ηDiff. Diesel≈ const ≈ 46 %.* With direct injection and EU5-emission-standard or better Answering the question: What is the effect on fuel consumption for a conventional vehicle with diesel- or gasoline-engine caused by the energy, as result of weight-variation of 100 kg? Gasoline: 0,542 kWh * 0,264 l/kWh *1,02 = 0,15 l/100 km (3,4 g CO2 /km) Diesel: 0,542 kWh * 0,220 l/kWh *1,02 = 0,12 l/100 km (3,2 g CO2 /km) In the calculation is considered, that there are transmission losses of 2 % of the transmitted energy. In the results a loss factor of 1.02 is included. CO2 impact through weight variation OICA, Volkswagen AG for DTP6, Geneva, 8.6.2011

  9. Evaluation for CO2 impact by inertia class variation (60 kg) in different test cycles D CO2 in g/km Resume: Variation of 60 kg mass results in CO2-effect from 1,3 to 2,7 g/km dependent on vehicle efficiency and test cycle, but independent of vehicle weight. Summary: The proposed inertia classes of 60 kg (actual subgroup DTP LabProcICE position ) address refined CO2-information as well as efficient certification process. Due to test to test variation in CO2-measurement a further reduction provides no better data and information quality. CO2 impact through weight variation OICA, Volkswagen AG for DTP6, Geneva, 8.6.2011 9

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