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Exploring Cellular Structures: Eubacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea

This chapter delves into the cellular structures of Eubacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea, outlining the diverse morphologies of bacteria, such as cocci, bacilli, and spirals. It examines the components of bacterial structure including the glycocalyx, flagella, and pili, as well as distinguishing between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the internal organization of Eukarya is discussed, highlighting the roles of organelles like mitochondria, plastids, and the endomembrane system. The evolutionary significance of these structures is also addressed, shedding light on the diversity of life forms.

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Exploring Cellular Structures: Eubacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea

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  1. Cellular Structure Chapter 4

  2. Eubacteria Eukarya Archaea

  3. Monera (defunct) Eubacteria Eukarya Archaea Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista

  4. Bacterial Structure

  5. Outwardly, there is little to go by in bacterial structure

  6. Bacteria may be of various shapes (morphologies)

  7. Coccus = Spherical

  8. Bacillus = Rod

  9. Spiral = Spiral

  10. Pleomorphic = Varied, Undefined

  11. On a microscopic level there are layers of structure.

  12. Glycocalyx= Outer Coating.

  13. Flagella = Motive structures

  14. Fimbriae and Pili= Attachment

  15. Bacteria are divided into two large groups based on overall cellular structure

  16. Gram Positive vs. Gram Negative

  17. Gram Identity is about cell structure more than staining

  18. Gram Positive = Single Membrane

  19. Gram Negative = Double Membrane

  20. EXCEPTIONMycobacterium

  21. EXCEPTIONMycoplasma

  22. Even exceptions to normal Gram staining can be classified by their overall structure and genetics.

  23. Internal structure in bacteria is limited, but organized.

  24. Specialized internal structures are found in some bacteria.

  25. EndosporesG+ structure to go dormant.

  26. MagnetosomesMagnetite crystals for alignment

  27. Storage GranulesPHB Energy Storage

  28. Eukarya Structure

  29. Eukaryaexternally lack the complexity of Bacteria but are more internally structured

  30. There are three classes of organelles.

  31. Non-membrane BoundRibosomes, flagella, etc.

  32. Endomembrane SystemNuclear Membrane, ER, etc.

  33. Non-Endomembrane Membrane-BoundMitochondria and Plastids

  34. Non-Membrane Organelles

  35. A Note on Evolution

  36. Ribosomes Public Domain - PDB

  37. Cytoskeleton

  38. Endomembrane System

  39. Nucleus Cell Nuclei in HeLa Cells • Public Domain Image-Wikipedia

  40. The Nucleus has numerous functions

  41. Contains the DNA of the Cell

  42. Controls access to the DNA

  43. Regulates division of the DNA

  44. Endomembrane System • Wikimedia Commons

  45. Mitochondria and Plastids

  46. Mitochondria

  47. Chloroplasts

  48. These organelles share a number of uniquecharacteristics

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