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Chap 5

Chap 5. Imperialism. 1. Introduction. -The Industrialized nations of Europe began to look at new areas of the world for raw materials and new markets to sell their manufactured goods

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Chap 5

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  1. Chap 5 Imperialism

  2. 1. Introduction -The Industrialized nations of Europe began to look at new areas of the world for raw materials and new markets to sell their manufactured goods -After the Revolutions in the Americas, Europe began to focus on developing colonies in Africa and India and trading with China and Japan -These European countries treated the development of these new colonies as a measure of national greatness (Nationalism)

  3. 2. The New Imperialism -These European countries demanded more influence over the economic, political and social lives of the people -Four Forms of Control 1) Colony (Inside Control) 2) Protectorate (Outside control) 3) Sphere of Influence (Exclusive trading rights) 4) Economic Imperialism (Private Business Interests)

  4. 3. African Imperialism -With the discovery of gold and diamonds, European countries began to scramble for control of Africa -Competition became so fierce that these countries were afraid that war would break out -From 1884-85, 14 European nations met at the Berlin Conference to agree on a set of rules for colonizing Africa

  5. 4. Fight for South Africa A. The Boer War -South Africa was originally a Dutch colony (Netherlands) Merchants used South Africa as a stopover in order to rest and get supplies needed to make the trip to India -Descendents of these original colonist became known as the Boers (Dutch for farmers) -In the mid 1800s, diamonds and gold were found in large quantities in S. Africa -The Boers struggled to maintain control over South Africa -In 1899, the Boers and the British fought for control of South Africa. Britain eventually won the war (Boer War)

  6. B. African Resistance -Fight over control of the diamond mines between the British, Boers and the Zulus resulted in numerous wars in the late 1800s. -The Zulu Tribe led by Shaka Zulu led the resistance movement against the British -Due to the use of guns, the British eventually defeated the Zulus and took control of their lands -The British formed the Union of South Africa with only white men had the right to vote. -Europeans believed that the Africans were primitive people and refuse to recognize their customs and traditions

  7. 5. Egypt -After becoming an independent country in 1805, Egypt became a strong modern power in North Africa -Through more efficient farming methods and canals, Egypt became a major exporter of cotton -Though a series of wars to expand their territory and infrastructure improvements, Egypt became in debt to European banks -As a result, European countries gained political and economic influence in Egypt -In 1859, European investors began to build the Suez Canal which would make it easier to reach India -In the late 1800s, the British gained partial control of the canal and later Egypt became a protectorate of Great Britian

  8. 6.India -In the mid 1700s, India was going through a Civil War between the Hindus and Muslims -Europeans took advantage of these internal struggles and began to advance into India -The British East India Company had been founded in 1600 to sell Indian products such as cotton, silk, sugar and tea -During the Civil War, other countries such as France began doing business in India threatening their profits -In order to protect their business, the East India Company decided to get involved in India’s political and military affairs

  9. 6. India (Pg.2) -By the mid 1700s, the East India Company used its influence to shut down all competitors in India -The Company built forts and maintained its own armies to protect its interests (Sepoys) -The Company tried to assimilate the Sepoys by making them adopt Christianity and many European customs -This practice angered the Indians and led to the Sepoy Rebellion. -The British military harshly put down the rebellion and took over control of India -The British government saw India as a source for cheap raw materials and a large market for British manufactured goods

  10. 6. India (Pg.3) • These policies had a detrimental effect on the native Indian people • -Millions of Indians were impoverished and famines killed millions • -However, British rule led to better roads, canals and railways • -In order to keep workers healthy, hospitals were built • -To train professionals, British-run schools and colleges were built • -These improvement led to a population explosion in India

  11. 7. China A. The Opium War -European interest in China began in the 1600s with the trade of Chinese tea, silk and porcelain -In the 1700s, China began to restrict trade with Europe (only pay in gold/silver, observe Chinese customs) -In the early 1800s, European merchants discovered they could make huge profits by trading opium (grown in India) for Chinese goods -As opium use in China grew drastically, the Chinese government decided to stop the trading of opium -In 1839, China began boarding British ships and destroying their supplies of Opium

  12. A. The Opium War (Pg.2) -The British responded with military force and quickly defeated the Chinese -The Chinese were forced to sign the Treaty of Nanking which forced the Chinese to open more ports for foreign trade -Also, Britain received the island of Hong Kong and money as compensation for the opium that was destroyed -This treaty were the first of many treaties in which China gave up more rights to the European powers

  13. B. The Taiping Rebellion -Internal conflict began in the late 1800s led to the weakening of the Chinese government -Peasants began to revolt and nearly took control of China -However, European countries not wanted to lose their favorable treaties began to help the Chinese government -After 14 years of fighting, the Chinese government finally defeated the rebels -Due to their help, the European nations received more trading rights

  14. C. Spheres of Influence -By the late 1800s, due to the weakened Chinese gov, foreign countries began to take advantage of China -Russia began to take control of parts of Northern China -Japan took control of the Korean Peninsula -Germany, France and Britain began to control various portions of China -As a result, a secret rebel group known as the Boxers formed and their goal was to expel all foriegners

  15. D. The Boxer Rebellion -In 1900, the Boxers began attacking foreign-owned businesses, factories and government buildings -However, the European forces united and quickly defeated the Boxers -European troops began stationing soldiers in China to protect their factories and patrolled the waters to protect their ships -In 1911, Chinese revolutionaries overthrew the Chinese government and expelled the Europeans -Limited trade still took place with China but they would not dominate Chinese society as they did before

  16. 8. Japan -Between 1600 and 1800, Japan was an isolated country free from outside influence -However, in 1853, Japan signed a treaty with the United States the opened trade between the two countries (Commander Matthew Perry) -These treaties brought about great unrest between the traditionalist that favored isolation and a new regime that favored modernization • New leadership that favored modernization took power and took the name the Meiji Dynasty (Meiji meaning enlightened) -During the Meiji dynasty for 1868 to 1912, the new government transformed Japan to a modern industrial nation • These reforms became known as the Meiji Restoration

  17. 8. Japan (Pg. 2) • These reforms made Japan into a powerful force in Asia -After taking control of the Korean Peninsula from China, Japan defeated the Russians and gained control of Manchuria -This showed the world that an Asian power could defeat a major European nation

  18. 9. Effects of Imperialism -The patterns of imperialist powers were similar throughout the colonies across the world Negatives - Natives lost their independence (individual freedoms) and control of their land -Europeans exploited the natural resources of the area -Diseases spread -Famines resulted due to the change in producing cash crop instead of nutrient-rich crops (cotton, tobacco instead of wheat, corn) -Lack of self-sufficiency on the colonies -Racist attitudes among the Europeans to the colonies culture and beliefs (assimilation)

  19. 9. Effects of Imperialism (Pg.2) Positives - Brought internal peace by stopping local warfare among competing local tribes -Improved infrastructure (roads, railroads) -Improved sanitation, hospitals and schools -Life spans and literacy increased -Modernized colonies -Brought local products to world markets -Spread of new ideas and beliefs (cultural diffusion)

  20. 9. Effects of Imperialism (Pg.3) -White Man’s Burden -Rudyard Kipling’s poem “White Man’s Burden” offered a justification for imperialism -His idea was that white imperialists have a moral duty to educate people in nations considered “less developed” -Idea that missionaries should spread Western ideas, customs and Christianity to the “natives”

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