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The Impact of the Gold Rush on California's Ethnic and Social Landscape (1849-1900)

The California Gold Rush (1849) significantly transformed the state's demographics, economy, and social dynamics. It led to land grants for Californios and conflicts over territories, culminating in the Gwin Act of 1851. Economic tensions arose from squatters and droughts in the 1860s, impacting political power dynamics between Anglos and Californios. As population shifts occurred, issues of race and ethnicity emerged, including anti-Chinese sentiments and segregation laws. The period also saw the intersection of slavery, abolitionism, and the contributions of diverse communities in shaping California’s history.

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The Impact of the Gold Rush on California's Ethnic and Social Landscape (1849-1900)

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  1. Chap. 5

  2. treaty • Land grants, protected

  3. Californios • Gold Rush 1849 • $$$ • Cattle, etc.

  4. PROBLEMS • 1851: Gwin Act • Avg.: 17 yrs. • Costs?

  5. SQUATTERS • Barred owners • Power?

  6. Drought 1860s • Economic -

  7. “Foreigners” • ++ Anglos • - political power • Santa Barbara

  8. CONFLICT • North vs. South • “States” Rights • Bottom line?

  9. CA • Slaves in CA • Free Blacks • 1860: 4k, largest west • Bridget Mason

  10. Abolitionists • Laws • No voting • Intermarriage • Testify court

  11. WAR • Majority loyal • Volunteers • Latinos

  12. Promote Union • $$$

  13. TRANSCONTINENTAL • Central+Union

  14. Idea man: T. Judah

  15. Chinese workers • Sierra Nevada • “Chinaman’s Chance”

  16. UNION PACIFIC • Irish, Mormon workers

  17. Promontory, Utah, 1869

  18. SOUTHERN PACIFIC • Largest land owner

  19. ETHNICITY, RACE • Intriguing, fluid • Californios

  20. L.A. Sherriff TomásSánchez, Californio

  21. Mayor (1850) Ygnaciodel Valle.

  22. Reginaldo del Valle

  23. Post-rush • “Colored” • Hostile, violent

  24. LAWS • $$$ • Mexicans, Chinese • 1870: segregated schools

  25. CHINESE • Gum Saan • Passage: Credit-ticket • People v. Hall (1854) • Legally “Indians”

  26. COMMUNITIES • Stores, restaurants • Tongs • 1852: Kwang-tek-tong • Leisure

  27. EXCLUSION • 1882: Chinese

  28. DEPRESSION • 1892-1897 • Anti-Chinese riots

  29. JAPANESE • 1885 • Agriculture • Discrim.

  30. Removal

  31. TREATY • Cede claims, hostilities • “Reservation” • Supplies, cattle • 7.5% CA lands

  32. EXTERMINATION • Fear • Racial

  33. 1845: 150K • 1900: 16K • ???

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