1. Female Genital Mutilation FGM

2. What is FGM ? • Female Genital Cutting are all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, • or other injury to the female genital organs, whether for cultural or other non therapeutic reasons

3. What are some of the consequences of FGM? • infection • tetanus • bleeding • tearing during child delivery • keloid formation • risk of HIV infection

4. Why does FGM occur? • A traditional rite of passage/ part of initiation into adulthood. • power inequalities and the passive nature of women to dictates of their communities.

5. Justifications for FGM are: • A custom and tradition • religious; it is a religious requirement • preservation of virginity • social acceptance for marriage • Hygienic and a cleanliness practice • increases sexual pleasure for the male • family honour • a sense of belonging to the social group • enhances fertility

6. Consequences of FGM • Can have short-term and long-term health implications

7. Short term health implications include: • severe pain and shock • infection • urine retention • injury to adjacent tissues • immediate fatal hemorrhaging

8. Long-term implications entail: • extensive damage of the external reproductive system • uterus, vaginal and pelvic infections • cysts and neuromas • increased risk of Vesico Vaginal Fistula • complications in pregnancy and child birth • psychological damage • sexual dysfunction • difficulties in menstruation

9. Conclusion • In Kenya, estimated prevalence rate of FGM is 38%, and the prevalent forms are clitoridectomy and excision