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Understanding the French Revolution: Social Classes and Estates in 1789

This chapter explores the tumultuous beginnings of the French Revolution in 1789 and the social order known as the Ancien Régime. It delves into the three estates: the privileged First Estate (the Clergy), the Second Estate (the Nobles), and the Third Estate, which comprised the majority of the population, including the Bourgeoisie and rural peasants. The chapter highlights the unjust taxation system, where the Third Estate bore the financial burden, leading to widespread discontent. Through this analysis, we uncover the key factors that ignited a revolution against the old order.

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Understanding the French Revolution: Social Classes and Estates in 1789

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  1. So Where Are We? Into to Chapter 18 The French Revolution

  2. 1789 -Start French Revolution 1763 – Treaty of Paris 1754 –Seven Years War starts 1740 Frederick II rules in Prussia 1759 - Voltaire Publishes Candid 1751 – Encyclopedia Published 1776 – Declaration of Independence 1762- Rousseau publishes what book?

  3. The Ancien Regime • Also referred to as “The Old Order” -What does this imply? -Is France the only state that follows this? • Dividing of social classes called Estates -Can you guess what groups make up the Estates?

  4. Who was the First Estate? • The Church was the First Estate • 1789 – Clergy had wealth and privilege • Owned 10% of land • Collected tithes – what are these? • Which group of people would target the church?

  5. Who is the Second Estate? • Nobles held the power in the Second Estate • Nobles rights were trampled on by who? • Many nobles disliked absolutism -Based on what you know, why would they? • Nobles also did not like the royal bureaucracy -Who was holding important jobs?

  6. Who was the Third Estate? • Most diverse of the classes in France • Bourgeoisie – middle class, made up of bankers, merchants, lawyers, manufacturers • Most of the Third Estate was rural peasants, however the poorest were urban workers, most were unemployed • Who do you think paid the most taxes?

  7. Unfair Taxation • First Estate – paid NO taxes • Second Estate – very little • Third Estate – Peasants/Urban workers paid majority of taxes in France • First and Second Estates held Traditional Rights of paying no, or very little, taxes • Together the Estates made up the Estates General {legislative body with reps from each estate}

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