Nervous and Endocrine Systems

1. Nervousand EndocrineSystems

2. Nervous System

3. Functions • Thought processes • Coordination of movement • Relays information from the body to the brain or other organs

4. Organs • Brain – main control center for the body. • Spinal Cord – column of nervous tissue that runs through the backbone. • Nerves – bundles of tissue that carry impulses from one place to another. • Neurons – nerve cells

5. How it Works

6. Central Nervous System • Brain and Spinal Cord • Peripheral Nervous System • All other nerves

7. Nerve Cell • Cell Body – central part • Axons – carry signals from one nerve cell to others. • Dendrites – receive signals from other nerve cells. • Synapse – area between nerve cells where signals are passed. • Neurotransmitter – chemicals that carry nerve signals.

9. The Brain • Cerebrum – center for thought, imagination, and emotions. • Cerebellum – controls balance, posture, movement, and coordination. • Brain Stem – guides signals from spinal cord to other parts of the brain, and controls many autonomic actions such as breathing and heartbeat.

10. Cerebrum

11. Endocrine System

12. Functions • Works with nervous system to coordinate and regulate the body. • Produces Hormones

13. Hormones • Substances secreted by cells in specific organs that act to regulate other cell functions in the body.

14. Organs • Pituitary Gland – growth • Pineal Gland – sleep patterns • Parathyroid Gland – regulates blood calcium • Thymus Gland – regulates immune system • Thyroid Gland – regulates metabolism • Adrenal Gland – “fight” or “flight” response • Pancreas – regulates blood sugar • Gonads – stimulate development of secondary sex characteristics and reproductive cycles. (ovaries and testes)

16. How It Works • Signals are sent by the nervous system to a particular gland. • The gland releases hormones into the bloodstream. • The hormones control many types of cells to regulate the specific body process.