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Linux Device Driver Development

Linux Device Driver Development. Chris Lydick Spring 2007. CIS e (π*i). TU. 10:30. Intro to Device Drivers. Lydick. PSYCH 012. MWF. 11:30. My Motivation. Lydick. EECE 92181. MWF. 9:30. Reverse Engineering. Lydick. LAB 0. F. 2:30p. Demonstrations. Lydick. Class Schedule.

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Linux Device Driver Development

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  1. Linux Device Driver Development Chris Lydick Spring 2007

  2. CIS e(π*i) TU 10:30 Intro to Device Drivers Lydick PSYCH 012 MWF 11:30 My Motivation Lydick EECE 92181 MWF 9:30 Reverse Engineering Lydick LAB 0 F 2:30p Demonstrations Lydick Class Schedule

  3. Textbook List J. Corbet, A Rubini, G Kroah-Hartman. Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Ed. Available for download online! http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/

  4. Operating Systems 101 • I’ve not had Operating Systems…but… • Role of Device Drivers • Mechanism vs. Policy • Black Box • Semi/undefined interface (device) -> Well defined interface (Linux API)

  5. Operating Systems 102 • Uses C Language • Gets complicated very quickly (lots of macros, code) • Need to have a sense of ... • concurrency, race conditions • interrupts, deferred work • mutual exclusion • kernel and user-space memories • ****pointers, structures, … (lots to consider)

  6. Operating Systems 103 • Textbook has provided lots of “skeletons” and demos (Wheew!) • My testbed: Fedora Core 4, 2.6.11 (book requested 2.6.10) • Should we start with…. Hello World?

  7. Operating Systems 104 • OK, easy… So what. • Before digging deeper, consider 3 types of device drivers • Character Devices (stream of bytes) • Block Devices (file systems) • Network Interfaces (duh.)

  8. Operating Systems 105 • Char devices: • Scull (Simple Character Utility for Loading Localities)… testbed for Char devices. • Scull0..3 : global/persistent memory • Scullpipe0..3 : FIFO pipes demonstrate contention • Scullpriv : private data for each console

  9. Operating Systems Lab Exercises • Scull0 demonstration • Scullpipe0 demonstration • Scullpriv demonstration • Short (Temperature Sensor) • Shortprint demonstration

  10. Operating Systems… Final • Other Areas of Interest: • Snull (network interface skeleton) • USB-Skeleton (yep.) • PCI-Skeleton (ok.) • Sample Disk Driver (cool.) • TTY Drivers, DMA and Memory Mapping, etc.

  11. Motivation • My Thesis: Supercomputing Cluster in 031 Rathbone: • USB Connectivity: driver timeouts/overflows in OpenBSD • Communicated with Chris Pascoe (OpenBSD Developer)

  12. Motivation • Acer Labs M5632 Bridge Cable • Worked fine using the standard USB 1.0 Driver • Issues arose with the USB 2.0 (EHCI) driver [diff file] • “Abused” the kernel profiling framework to check at runtime for kernel stack overflows. • We’re switching to Linux (no issues), but it’s good to know how to dig into drivers… right? • Plus, isn’t Linux supposed to be better than Windoze?

  13. Reverse Engineering 101 • Reverse Engineering: Getting something to work by watching it work when correctly loaded. • Usually occurs within Windows (sorry, we just can’t get away from Microsoft!)

  14. Reverse Engineering 102 • USB Devices (URB): • USB Analyzer/Sniffer (Snoopy, USB Monitor,..) • Acts similarly to Ethereal • /sys/devices/pci0000:00/000:00:02.0/usb2/ • PCI Bus • Hardware Sniffers… (much more difficult to analyze!)

  15. Conclusions • GET THE BOOK! It’s very helpful and is a great reference! • Examples are available for download • Book is freely available (wget it before it’s gone!) • Next step: USB!

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