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The Great Awakening & The French & Indian War (1730 to 1763)

This article discusses the spiritual revival of the Great Awakening and the impact it had on the American colonies, as well as the French and Indian War and its effects on colonial tensions and the path towards independence.

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The Great Awakening & The French & Indian War (1730 to 1763)

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  1. The Great Awakening & The French & Indian War (1730 to 1763) Preparing the Colonies for Independence By: Mr. Mark Gonzalez Grace Christian Academy

  2. The Need for Revival • Spiritual decline • Halfway Covenant • Sinners changing the church rather the church changing sinners • Christianity had become too intellectual and less spiritual

  3. Pastor Jonathan Edwards • Puritan • New England • Entered Yale at age 13 • “Sinners in the hand of an Angry God” sermon • Led many to Christ • Missionary to Indians • Colonial America’s greatest pastor

  4. Pastor George Whitefield • British • Powerful Evangelist • Reached crowds of 20-30 thousand • Preached 18,000 times in his life • Reached all classes, races of people • Heart for child evangelism • Led to the founding of 50 colleges

  5. Effects of the Great Awakening • Thousands accepted Christ or rededicated • New colleges founded-Princeton, Rutgers, Dartmouth, Brown • Missionary work • Religious liberty strengthened • Caused some division within churches-congregationalists and Presbyterians especially---migrated to Bapt and Methodists instead • United the American people together-sense of unity in a common experience –prepare for revolution

  6. North America in 1750

  7. 1754  The First Clash-Washington defeated by French The Ohio Valley British French Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne* George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians

  8. 1754  Albany Plan of Union Ben Franklin  representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA • Albany Congress failed when Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French. • But it was revolutionary---set a precedent for later colonial congresses

  9. 1755  Britain Decides to Eliminate French Presence in No. Amer. Gen. Edward Braddock  kick out the French from the OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia) • Attacks Ohio Valley, Mohawk Valley (NY),& Acadia (Canada). • Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian forces. Lost 70% of his men • Ignored Washington’s advice on war strategy-no music or open battles Only British Success  expelled France from Louisiana. CAJUNS

  10. 1756  War Is Formally Declared! Lord Loudoun Brit Commander Marquis de Montcalm French Commander Native American tribes exploited (took advantage of) both sides!

  11. British-American Colonial Tensions Methods ofFighting: • Indian-style guerilla tactics. • March in formation or bayonet charge. MilitaryOrganization: • Col. militias served under own captains. • Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. MilitaryDiscipline: • No military regs • observed. • Drills & tough discipline. Finances: • Resistance to rising taxes. • Colonists should pay for their own defense. Demeanor: • Casual, non-professionals. • “Prima Donna” Br. officers with servants & tea settings. Film: “Last of the Mohicans”

  12. 1757  William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister • He understood colonial concerns. • He offered them a compromise: colonists: loyalty & mil. cooperation British: Would pay back $ to colonies for cost of forming armies - get rid of Lord Loudoun RESULTS? Colonial morale increased by 1758.

  13. 1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England *Sept 1759,last French strongholds in Quebec and Montreal fell to British-Montcalm wounded and killed at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham

  14. The Outcome 1763  Treaty of Paris France -->lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain --> would get all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans (until 1801), but lost Florida to England. England -->got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

  15. North America in 1763

  16. Effects of the War on Britain? 1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly increased England’s debt. 3. Britain’s hatred for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

  17. Effects of the War on the American Colonials 1.It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a comradarie experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

  18. The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Frontier 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion-enraged by the Treaty of Paris, tribes attacked Detroit and other European settlements-proved the British army could not protect settlers Fort Detroit British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt killed Indians all over the area

  19. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)-8 of 12 forts fell to the Indians

  20. BACKLASH! British Proclamation Line of 1763-prohibited settlement west of line-colonists disobeyed. Colonials Paxton Boys (PA) slaughtered innocent Christian Indians in Lancaster, PA-retaliation for Pontiac’s rebellion

  21. The Paxton Boys Massacre of Christian Indians

  22. George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765 (to help pay for war and maintain British army) 1.Sugar Act – 1764-to discourage smuggling 2. Currency Act - 1764 3. Quartering Act - 1765 4.Stamp Act – 1765-the one that most angered the colonists b/c it taxed things produced and consumed in the colonies

  23. Stamp Act Crisis Loyal Nine- 1765 Sons of Liberty– began in NYC:Sam Adams to boycott British products Stamp Act Congress– 1765* success- Stamp Act canceled Declaratory Act– 1766 Parliament-supreme over colonies>>> ignored by Colonists

  24. Townshend Acts Crisis: 1767-1770 1767 William Pitt, P. M. & Charles Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer (treasury) • Shift from paying taxes for war debts & quartering of troops  paying colonial govt. salaries. • Colonists Protested-no taxation w/o representation in Parliament • Tax these imports  paper, paint, lead, glass, tea. • Increase tax collectors at American ports  established a Board of Customs in Boston.

  25. Colonial Response to the Townshend Acts 1. Colonists Refused to Import British goods (boycotts) 2. Riots against customs agents:*John Hancock’s ship, the Liberty.* 4000 British troops sent to Boston where violence and protests had been the worst

  26. For the first time, many colonists began calling people who joined the non-importation movement, "patriots!"

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