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Understanding Measurement in Physics: Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Error Types

Introduction to determining the actual value of physical quantities, improving measurement consistency and accuracy, and understanding systematic and random errors in measuring instruments. Learn about Vernier Caliper and Micrometer Screw Gauge.

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Understanding Measurement in Physics: Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Error Types

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  1. 1.4 UNDERSTANDING MEASUREMENTS INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

  2. Determination of the actual value for particular physical quantity. MEASUREMENT

  3. Consistency • Ability of a measuring instrument to give readings with very small deviation or no deviation from the mean value. • Consistency of a measuring instrument can be improved by: • Taking a reading with caution • Eliminating parallax errors • Using the instrument which is not defective

  4. Example • Mean value group A = 13.97s • Mean value group B = 14.30s

  5. Accuracy • Ability of a measuring instrument to give readings nearest or almost equal to the actual value • Accuracy of a measurement can be improved by; • Repeating the measurement • Avoiding zero errors • Avoiding parallax errors • Using the measuring instrument with a higher sensitivity

  6. Ability of a measuring instrument to detect a very small changes in the quantity being measured. Sensitivity

  7. 2 main types of errors • Systematic errors • Random errors Type of experimental errors

  8. Systematic error : Zero error Is the error in an instrument that does not show zero reading when it should show zero reading (when not measuring any quantities)

  9. Random error : Parallax error

  10. Measuring Instruments

  11. VernierCalliper • Measure length with an accuracy of up to +0.1mm (0.01cm)

  12. ZERO ERROR

  13. Example

  14. To measure the thickness or diameter of small objects. Micrometer Screw Gauge

  15. The PART of Micrometer Screw Gauge AND ITS FUNCTION

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