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Motivation Theories: Needs, Processes, and Contemporary Perspectives

Explore the various motivational needs, content theories, and process theories in the workplace. Learn about Maslow's hierarchy of needs, equity theories, and the Vroom VIE theory. Analyze the impact of work motivation across different cultures.

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Motivation Theories: Needs, Processes, and Contemporary Perspectives

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  1. Chapter Eight Motivational Needs and Processes

  2. Learning Objectives • Define motivation • Identify the primary, general, and secondary needs • Discuss the major content theories of work motivation • Explain the major process theories of work motivation • Present the contemporary equity and procedural justice theories • Analyze work motivation across cultures

  3. DRIVES INCENTIVES The Basic Motivation Process NEEDS

  4. Learned (Secondary) Motives Need for Achievement Need for Security Need for Power Need for Status Need for Affiliation Secondary Needs

  5. The Theoretical Development Of Work Motivation 1900 Scientific Management wage incentives Human Relations economic security working conditions Lewin and Tolman expectancy concerns Vroom valence/expectancy Maslow hierarchy of needs Festinger and Homans cognitive dissonnance Porter and Lawler performance-satisfaction Herzberg motivators and hygienes Adams equity Lawler Alderfer ERG needs E P, P O expectancies PROCESS THEORIES WORK MOTIVATION Present CONTEMPORARY THEORIES CONTENT THEORIES

  6. Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs SELF- ACTUALIZATION ESTEEM NEEDS LOVE NEEDS SAFETY NEEDS PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

  7. A Hierarchy Of Work Motivation SELF- ACTUALIZATION Personal growth, realization of potential ESTEEM NEEDS Titles, status symbols, promotions, banquests SOCIAL NEEDS Formal and informal work groups or teams SECURITY NEEDS Seniority plans, union, health insurance, employee assistance plans, severance pay, pension BASIC NEEDS Pay

  8. Comparisons Among Alderfer’s, Maslow’s And Herzberg’s Theories Alderfer’s ERG Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Herzberg’s Two Factors SELF-ACTUALIZATION ESTEEM Self Others LOVE SAFETY PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH MOTIVATORS RELATEDNESS HYGIENE FACTORS EXISTENCE

  9. The Vroom VIE Theory Of Work Motivation INSTRUMENTALITIES EXPECTANCY Second-level Outcomes First-level Outcomes MOTIVATIONAL FORCE Outcome 1a Outcome 1 Outcome 1b Outcome 2 Outcome 2a Outcome 2b Outcome 2c

  10. The Porter-Lawler Motivation Model Perceived equitable rewards Value of reward Abilities and traits Intrinsic rewards Performance (accomplishments) Effort Satisfaction Extrinsic rewards Perceived effort reward probability Role perceptions

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