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Cell Organelles and Structures: Exploring the Building Blocks of Life

Learn about the various organelles and structures found in cells, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, cell walls, chloroplasts, cilia, flagella, and cytoskeleton. Understand their functions and how they contribute to the overall functioning of a cell.

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Cell Organelles and Structures: Exploring the Building Blocks of Life

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Tuesday Warm Up Open to vocab foldable Pick up glue and scissors

  2. Unit 2A View of the Cell

  3. What is an Organelle? • Literally means “Little organ” • What do organs do for your body? • Organelles do the same kinds of things for cells • Small internal structure in a cell which carries out a specific job

  4. Plasma Membrane • A flexible boundary between the cell and its environment maintains a balance of nutrients, etc. • Selective permeability • A process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out

  5. Structure of the Plasma membrane • Phospholipids • A double layer that creates water-soluble outsides surrounding water insoluble insides • Transport Proteins • Span the entire membrane to regulate which molecules enter and which leave

  6. What color is the plasma membrane? What two kinds of molecules make up the plasma membrane?

  7. What color is the plasma membrane? BLUE What two kinds of molecules make up the plasma membrane? Phospholipids and Proteins

  8. Because the YELLOW membrane only lets certain molecules through it is ____________ _____________.

  9. Because the YELLOW membrane only lets certain molecules through it is SelectivelyPermeable.

  10. Eukaryotic Cell Structures

  11. Nucleus Contains DNA & acts as control center of the cell • Nucleolus • Inside the nucleus; makes the ribosomes

  12. This shows a picture of real cells. What color is the part that contains the DNA?

  13. Cytoplasm Gel-like material in the cell, suspending organelles It’s the “snot-like fluid” that everything floats in

  14. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Endoplasmic reticulum • Highly folded membranes for transport of materials in the cell. Site of many cellular chemical reactions • Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Have ribosomes attached • Smooth ER – no ribosomes

  15. What color is the EndoplasmicReticulum?

  16. What color is the EndoplasmicReticulum?

  17. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Ribosomes • Small structures, free or attached to ER, which synthesize proteins

  18. Plasma Membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum

  19. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Golgi apparatus • This organelle looks like a stack of pancakes. It modifies, sorts, & packages molecules the cell makes for export.

  20. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Vacuoles • Membrane-bound compartments for temporary storage of materials • May be very large in plant cells

  21. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Lysosomes • Small bodies filled with digestive enzymes that digestworn-out organelles, food particles, and even engulfed bacteria • Responsible for the cell’s recycling of materials

  22. What organ system would you compare a lysosome to?

  23. What organ system would you compare a lysosome to? The Digestive system!!!!!

  24. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Mitochondria • Powerhouse of the cell with its own DNA that burns glucose for energy and stores it as ATP • Many folds • Rod-shaped

  25. The Mighty Mitochondria!!!

  26. There are certain organelles only found in Plant cells • Cell walls • Chloroplasts

  27. Cell Wall • Found outside the cell membrane in plants and bacteria, this supports and protects cells.

  28. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Chloroplasts • Containing the green pigment, chlorophyll, these oval bodies capture light energy and turn it into chemical energy (photosynthesis)

  29. Cilia and Flagella are only found in animal cells

  30. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Cilia & Flagella • External microtubules that aid the cell in locomotion or feeding

  31. Cilia • Many, short hair-like structures made of microtubules that are attached to the outside of cells which help move the cell or move things past the cell

  32. Flagella • Few, long hair-like structures made of microtubules that are attached to the outside of cells which help move the cell

  33. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Cytoskeleton • Tiny rods and filaments (called microtubules) that form a supporting framework for the cell and function in cytoplasmic streaming

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