1 / 26

Tumor Immunology

Tumor Immunology. evidence for immune reactivity against tumor changes in cellular characteristics due to malignancy tumor and host components which affect tumor progression use of tumor antigens in diagnosis and immunotherapy. Evidence for immunosurveillance.

jeb
Télécharger la présentation

Tumor Immunology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. TumorImmunology • evidence for immune reactivity against tumor • changes in cellular characteristics due to malignancy • tumor and host components which affect tumor progression • use of tumor antigens in diagnosis and immunotherapy

  2. Evidence for immunosurveillance Infiltration of malignant tissue

  3. cause of immuno-deficiency malignancy • primary (inherited) immunodeficiency lymphomas lymphoma, cervical cancer, liver cancer, skin cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma. • secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency • malaria Burkitt’s lymphoma • autoimmunity lymphoma Association between immunodeficiency and cancer

  4. Tumors stimulate an immune response • Animals can be immunized against tumors • Immunity is transferable from immune to naïve animals • Tumor specific antibodies and cell have been detected in humans with some malignancies

  5. Neo-antigens of immunologic significance on tumor cells • Oncofetal/differentiation antigens • Alpha-feto-protein (AFP) • Cracino embryonic antigen (CEA) • CALLA (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen) • Tumor-associated transplantation antigens • Tumor specific transplantation antigen • Virus associated shared antigens

  6. Alpha fetoprotein: clinical use AFP increases in testicular and liver cancers • Aids in diagnosis and staging • Patient management • Detection of tumors

  7. Alpha fetoprotein: clinical use

  8. Alpha fetoprotein: concentrations • Normal concentration: <20 ng/ml • Abnormal concentrations • 100-350 possible hepatoma • 350-500 probable hepatoma • 500-100 likely hepatoma • >1000 HEPATOMA

  9. Carcinoembryonic antigen:clinical use • Adjunct in diagnosis • Staging and prognosis • Monitoring response to therapy • Detection of tumor recurrence

  10. Carcinoembryonic antigen:clinical use

  11. Carcinoembryonic antigen:clinical use CEA as a diagnostic adjunct • Symptomatic patient • Elevated value 5-10 times the upper limit Normal value <10ng/ml

  12. Tumor associated transplantation antigens: shared Ag on virally induced tumors

  13. Tumor associated transplantation antigens: unique Ag on chemically induced tumors

  14. Immunity against tumor All components, specific and nonspecific, humoral and cellular affect tumor progression and growth

  15. Escape from immunosurveillance Lack of Neo-antigens

  16. Escape from immunosurveillance Lack of co-stimulatory molecules

  17. Escape from immunosurveillance Lack of class I MHC

  18. Escape from immunosurveillance Tumors secrete Immunosuppressive molecules

  19. Escape from immunosurveillance Tumors shed their neo-antigens

  20. Use of tumor associated antigens • Raise monoclonal antibodies • Use antibodies for diagnosis • Use antibodies for therapy • Stimulate the in vivo specific response • Specific active treatment • Specific passive treatment • Adjuvant therapy to augment specific immunity

  21. Use of tumor associated antigensmonoclonal antibodies

  22. Monoclonal antibodies:use as a diagnostic tool

  23. killed tumor cells, purified or recombinant Ag specific non- specific BCG, Propionibacterium acne, levamisole, etc. non-specific LAK cells, cytokines antibodies alone or conjugated with other agent, activated T cells specific Immunotherapy of tumors active immunotherapy passive immunotherapy

  24. Non-specific immunotherapy bacterial products BCG, P. acnes, muramyl dipeptide activate macrophages and NK cells (via cytokines) synthetic molecules pyran, poly I:C interferon production cytokines IFN-, IFN-, IFN-, IL-2, TNF- activate macrophages and NK cells

  25. remission of hairy cell leukemia, weak effect on carcinomas increased expression of class-I MHC, possible anti tumor effect IFN-, - increased expression of class-I MHC, Tc and NK cell activation IFN- remission of ovarian carcinoma T cell proliferation and activation, NK cell activation remission in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma IL-2 macrophage and lymphocyte activation reduction in malignant ascites TNF- Cytokine immunotherapy

  26. Genetic approaches to cancer treatment • Transfection with genes • Cytokines • Class I MHC • Co-stimulatory molecules

More Related