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THE RELIGIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAST

THE RELIGIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAST. Symbol: Cross Followers: Christians - 33.4% of the world population. Christianity. Observance Days:. Lent Easter Advent Christmas. DEITY. God of Abraham - Yahweh Monotheism - 1 God

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THE RELIGIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAST

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  1. THE RELIGIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAST

  2. Symbol: Cross • Followers: Christians - 33.4% of the world population Christianity

  3. Observance Days: • Lent • Easter • Advent • Christmas

  4. DEITY • God of Abraham - Yahweh • Monotheism - 1 God • Covenant between God and Abraham - descendants would be the chosen people through Isaac (Hebrews). • Trinity - God in 3 parts: God - the Father God the Son - Jesus Christ God the Holy Spirit - God’s Presence

  5. Sacred Writings • Bible - No sacred language • Old Testament - History of the Hebrews, law, prophets, and psalms • New Testament - 4 Gospels - stories of Jesus. Letters and stories about early Christians

  6. Key Beliefs • 10 Commandments • Jesus is human and divine • Trinity • Resurrection • Heaven and Hell

  7. Goal - Salvation (Eternal life with God) • Jerusalem , Nazareth, Bethlehem

  8. Practices & Rituals • 2 Sacraments: 1. Baptism – Remembrance of Jesus’ blessing in the River Jordan. 2. Communion - Last Supper of Christ - Body and Blood of Christ - bread and wine • Some sects have 7 sacraments (Baptism, Communion, Confirmation, Priesthood, Marriage, Confession, and Last Rites) • Tithing - giving • Evangelism - declaration of faith • Prayer • Repentance - Ask forgiveness for sins.

  9. Worship Service • Building - Church • Service is on Sunday • Leader - Ordained (trained) ministry • Service includes: prayer, Bible readings, sermon, Sacraments, and creed

  10. Sects • Roman Catholic • Protestant • Orthodox

  11. Symbol: Crescent Moon & Star • Followers: Muslims - 17.7% of the world population Islam

  12. Observance Days: • Day of Hijra • Birth of the Prophet • Night of Forgiveness • Ramadan • Night of Power • Festival of Sacrifice • Hajj • Little Festival

  13. GOD • God of Abraham - Allah • Monotheism - 1 God • Covenant between God and Abraham - descendants would be the chosen people through Ishmael (Arabs)

  14. Holy Book • Koran (Qur’an) - Arabic is the sacred language • Includes history of the Hebrews, laws, prophets, and Jesus' life • Outlines the goal of Islam - Reward of Salvation • Hallal - Allowed acts • Haram - Forbidden acts

  15. Key Beliefs • Angel Gabriel dictated Koran to Muhammad • Moses and Jesus are prophets, but Muhammad is the FINAL prophet. • Heaven and Hell • Lead a moral life as taught by Muhammad

  16. Goal - Reach Salvation Jerusalem is a Holy City - where Muhammad ascended to Heaven. City of Prophets

  17. Practices & Rituals 5 Pillars of Islam 1. Public declaration of faith 2. Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca 3. Giving of alms 4. Fasting during Ramadan - no food, drink, or sex from sun up to sun down 5. Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca (site of the Ka’ba) Dietary laws - no pork or alcohol

  18. The Kabah at Makkah - believed to have been built by Adam and then Abraham. Kabah cornerstone. Given to Abraham by God. The door to the Kabah Makkah - only people who practice Islam are allowed inside. Heraa Cave where Gabriel came to Muhammad

  19. Worship Service • Building - Mosque (Masjid) • Service is Friday Noon • Leader - Imam (prayer leader). A good person of character and religious knowledge • Service includes sermon, Koran readings, and prayer

  20. Sects • Sunni - 90% • Shi’i or Shi’a - 10% • Differ over leadership. Sunnis believe succession through Caliphs(Custom of all Muslims) Shiite believe leaders must come from the 12 perfect teachers.

  21. Symbol: Star of David • Followers: Jews - .3% of the world population Judaism

  22. Observance Days: • Rosh Hashanah • Yom Kippur • Sukkot • Simchat • Torah • Channukhah • Purim • Pesach • Shavout

  23. GOD • God of Abraham - Adonai • Monotheism - 1 God • Covenant between God and Abraham - descendants would be the chosen people through Isaac - (Hebrews)

  24. Holy Book • TeNaKh - Hebrew is sacred Language • T - Torah - God’s Law - Stories about Hebrews and laws • N - Nevi’im - History of Hebrew prophets • K - Ketuvim - Writings and Psalms • Given to Moses

  25. Key Beliefs • 613 Commandments (many dietary laws) • Chosen People - given Canaan • Holy Day - Shabbat • Talmud - God’s teachings are continuing revelation (oral tradition) - can change over time.

  26. Goal - to live a good (moral) life and to carry on Jewish Traditions Jerusalem is Holy City - Remains of the Temple - Wailing / Western Wall. City of Prophets.

  27. Practices & Rituals • Kashrut - Laws about being Kosher - No shellfish, No pork, and also No dairy and red meat prepared together. • Shabbat - Friday night. Eat Challah (bread) and drink wine. • Fasting during Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) - Sorry for bad deeds. • Males are circumcised (usually on the 8th day) • No work on the Sabbath Day

  28. Shabbat meal of Challah and wine. Time of prayer and family The Wailing Wall - Western Wall of the Temple Mount - Solomon’s Temple

  29. Worship Service • Building - Synagogue • Service - Friday night and Saturday morning • Leader - Rabbi (Teacher) Torah Scholar, but can have other jobs. • Service includes - Torah readings, a sermon, and prayer

  30. Sects • Orthodox • Conservative • Reformed • (Differ over varying degrees of Kashrut)

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