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Understanding New Imperialism: Causes, Effects, and Global Dynamics of the 1800s

This introduction to New Imperialism explores its emergence during the 1800s, fueled by economic, political, social, and technological factors. Nations, particularly European ones, expanded their power through direct control and indirect influence over territories like Africa and Asia, driven by the quest for resources and markets. The imperialistic approach led to resistance in colonies and significant changes in traditional lifestyles. The complex implications of New Imperialism shaped contemporary global relations and continue to influence post-colonial contexts today.

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Understanding New Imperialism: Causes, Effects, and Global Dynamics of the 1800s

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  1. Imperialism: An Introduction & A Conclusion Global Studies II Chapter 21 & 22

  2. From Nationalism to Imperialism

  3. The New Imperialism With the Industrial Revolution& unification of powerful new nations like Germany….. • Imperialism in the 1800’s was spurred by economic, political, social & military interests • The new imperialism can be defined as… not only the extension of a nation’s power over other land but also direct control over these vast territories

  4. Causes of the New Imperialism • Older Civilizations were in decline Qing Dynasty (China) The Mughal Empire (India) The Ottoman Empire (Middle East)

  5. Causes of the New Imperialism • Political Causes • Acquiring colonies was seen as powerful  a symbol of prestige & greatness • Three types of imperial control were used: • Spheres of influence: exclusive trading rights given to an imperial power • Indirect Control: keeping local rulers in place but influencing them to your benefit • Direct Control: replacing local rulers with western ones

  6. Causes of the New Imperialism Who is the main figure? What animal is England represented as ? For what is England reaching?

  7. Causes of the New Imperialism

  8. Causes of the New Imperialism • Economic Causes • Search for raw materials like rubber, oil, tin for industry • Search for new markets to sell finished goods • To establish ports for refueling between long distances

  9. Causes of New Imperialism

  10. Causes of the New Imperialism • Social Causes • Missionaries who traveled to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity • Many Europeans who believed in Social Darwinism • Many Europeans who believed they were bringing the tools of civilization … laws, inventions, education

  11. Causes of the New Imperialism From Rudyard Kipling’s poem The White Man’s Burden (1899) Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide,To veil the threat of terrorAnd check the show of pride;By open speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo seek another's profit,And work another's gain.

  12. Causes of the New Imperialism • Technological causes • Europeans had achieved new medical technology like quinine which allowed them be in places where disease like malaria had previously prevented them • Europeans had more advanced weaponry to defeat any resistance encountered

  13. New Imperialism Across the Globe • The European nations will look to control • Southeast Asia For example, France will take over present day Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam

  14. New Imperialism Across the Globe • The Europeans will look to control • Africa British control of Egypt , Sudan, Uganda, and South Africa(among others)

  15. New Imperialism Across the Globe • The Europeans will look to control • East Asia & South Asia Just about everyone, including the US, makes a grab for parts of China

  16. Effects of the New Imperialism • Many of the colonies will resist imperial control • Latin American revolutions (1820’s) • Sepoy Mutiny in India (1857) • Egyptian Army revolt in Egypt (1881) • Boxer Rebellion in China (1900)

  17. Effects of the New Imperialism • For the colonies… • Traditional ways of life were destroyed • Many were kept in lower social class positions in comparison to Europeans • Natural resources were depleted by the Europeans • Many became economically dependent upon Europe

  18. Effects of the New Imperialism • For the colonies…. • Oftennew roads and railroads were built • Increased access to education and technology of the West • Capitalism and democracy were introduced as examples of a modern way of life

  19. Effects of the New Imperialism • For the Imperial power… • Increased access to raw materials for industry • Increased territory for settlement • Increased trade meant increased profit • New people to convert to Christianity to “civilize”

  20. Effects of the New Imperialism • For the Imperial power… • Increased rivalry with other European nations will lead to conflict • Increased tension with native peoples will lead to revolts and wars for independence

  21. Effects of the New Imperialism • For both groups… • New goods were introduced and traded • Overall knowledge of the world increased • Travel between different regions increased • Common values regarding human rights will begin to take root

  22. Effects of the New Imperialism • Long Term effects? • World War I • Post World War II independence movements • Today’s cycle of poverty between rich and poor nations? • Continued ethnic tensions between groups who were treated differently by Europeans? • Other ??

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