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Understanding Acids and Bases: Characteristics, pH, and Neutralization Reactions

This comprehensive overview of acids and bases explores their defining characteristics, including taste, ion donation, pH, and electrical conductivity. Acids are identified by their sour taste and ability to form hydronium ions, while bases are noted for their bitter taste and slippery feel. The text examines the pH scale, illustrating how concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions relate to the strength of acids and bases. Additionally, it covers neutralization reactions and common household substances, emphasizing how they work and their chemical properties.

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Understanding Acids and Bases: Characteristics, pH, and Neutralization Reactions

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Acids & Bases

  2. Goal 1Compare and contrast the characteristics of acids and bases

  3. Acids 1. Taste sour

  4. 2. Donates Hydrogen ions H+ 3. Forms Hydronium ions H3O+ Products of a chemical reaction will showH3O

  5. Products of a chemical reaction will showH3O HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-

  6. 4. Turns Universal Indicator to RED

  7. 5. It Burns skin and tissue

  8. 6. Conducts electricity

  9. 7. Crystalline Solid

  10. Stomach acid Battery acid Examples

  11. Bases 1. Tastes Bitter

  12. 2. Hydroxide ions OH- KOH  K+ + OH- NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

  13. 3. Turns Universal Indicator to BLUE

  14. 4. Corrosive (feels slippery)

  15. 5. Can also conduct electricity

  16. Examples Sodium hydroxide pellets

  17. Goal 2Relate the pH value to the concentration and strength of a dissolved acid or base

  18. pH measures hydronium ions (H3O+)

  19. Comparative concentrations

  20. Concentration changes by powers of 10 pH =1 has 10x more than pH = 2 pH = 1 has 100x more than pH = 3 More  Less 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

  21. Goal 3Identify the products of neutralization reactions

  22. Acid + Base  water H3O+ + OH-  H2O

  23. KOH + HNO3  ___+ ___+___

  24. KOH + HNO3  H2O + K+ + NO3- Is it balanced?

  25. Must have = amounts of hydronium and hydroxide ions to completely neutralize

  26. Goal 4Explain how common acidic and basic household substances work

  27. Soap = basic surrounds oily substances allows emulsion in water Whisked away!

  28. Molarity • Molarity = moles solute Liters of solution Tells us how strong a solution is... the higher the molarity, the more solute is dissovled in the liquid. A 10M acid is much stronger than a 1 M acid.

  29. Remember moles??? • Use the periodic table to find how many grams there are in one mole of a substance • CuSO4 • Cu = 64 g/mole • S = 32 g/mole • O = 16 g/mole X 4 • 159 g/mole

  30. % by volume • Another way to talk about solution strength is to refer to the percent by volume. • Only used when a liquids is dissolved in a liquid • % v/v = Volume of solute X100 Volume of solution

  31. % by mass • When units are all in grams…. • % m/m = grams solute X 100 grams solutions

  32. Detergents = basic lather in hard water do not form soap scum

  33. Ammonia = basic emulsifies oil whisked away!

  34. Bleach = basic Disinfectant kill bacteria & viruses

  35. Thanks to the following people who have generously shared their images on the creative commons of Flickr: Progoddess…I love lemon & peppermint Frotzed2… gave your kid a lemon  Bunchofpants… pickle on a fork Brad Lauster… Big Papa G.J. Charlet III… hey kool-aid! Interplast… acid burn Duchamp… electric pickle Deanj… Old ray-o-vacs Wallyg… Homer!! Jemsweb… walnut Greg McElhatton… unsweetened chocolate Santoslilhelper… slippery when wet

  36. Thanks to the following people who have generously shared their images on the creative commons of Wikipedia: Walkerma… sodium hydroxide pellets

  37. Want to see something cool? Copy this link to your browser http://pickle.xr.ca/

  38. Acid + Base  water + salt H3O+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH-  2H2O + Na+ + Cl-

  39. H3O+ + Cl- + Al+ + OH-  ___ + ___ + __

  40. H3O+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH-  2H2O + Al+ + Cl-

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