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Post War

Post War. Life of the 1950’s. President Truman (1945 – 1953). Yalta to Potsdam: Soviets had wanted Germany to pay reparations at Yalta. Truman would not allow it at Potsdam. Reparations will be taken from the zones.

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Post War

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  1. Post War Life of the 1950’s

  2. President Truman (1945 – 1953) • Yalta to Potsdam: Soviets had wanted Germany to pay reparations at Yalta. • Truman would not allow it at Potsdam. • Reparations will be taken from the zones. • Marshall Plan – giving aid to Western European Countries threatened with Communism. • This is the idea of what philosophy? • Truman Doctrine - U.S. Will aid a country trying to resist the spread of Communism. • Berlin Airlift – Britain and the U.S. airing supplies to West Berlin.

  3. President Eisenhower (1952-1961) • Military leader who led D-Day. • Brinksmanship - U.S. will build up its air force and the use of weapons. • Build up army, navy, air force • Air force was to deliver bombs (if needed) • More nuclear missiles. • H-Bomb • Advances nuclear technology • 1 million tons of TNT – 67 x the power of what was dropped on Hiroshima. • November 1, 1952: U.S. was the first to test. • U.S.S.R. – tested in 1953.

  4. Eisenhower • Created the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)- • Covert operations to defend the U.S. from the spread of Communism. • Information abroad. • First took place in the Middle East • Iran nationalized its oil. • US poured money in to help pro-American Shah (leader) to control Iran to prevent the country from turning to U.S.S.R. • Eisenhower Doctrine – We will intervene in the Middle East to prevent the spread of Communism. • January 1957 • A warning.

  5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyBiSk97Hag HUAC and McCarthyism • House Un-American Activities Committee – investigated Communist influences. • Biggest known was their investigation of the Movie industry in 1947. • Hollywood 10 imprisoned for refusing to testify. • Goal was to hunt down and arrest Communist Leaders. • HUAC led by Joseph McCarthy. • Republican from Wisconsin • His tactics became known as McCarthyism – accusing people of disloyalty without evidence. • Had a list, but never produced it, and gave names in Senate (protected from slander).

  6. Impact • Civil Rights and Liberties are violated during McCarthyism. • Hollywood blacklist – list of Communist suspects denied acting and producing jobs. • People denied work – Actor Charlie Chaplin, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Robert Oppenheimer (director of the Manhattan Project). • Hundreds imprisoned, thousands lose their jobs. • Subpoenaed to testify in front of the HUAC • What does this tell you about the time period. • One group of Senators (about 6) led by Margaret Chase Smith of Maine – spoke out against McCarthyism in an attempt to stop the attacks.

  7. Rosenbergs • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg • 1953 • Ethel’s brother worked in Los Alamos and charges with giving information to the U.S.S.R. • Convicted of espionage by selling nuclear secrets to the U.S.S.R. • Executed in 1953. • Increased fear of Communism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=B33oE73tPUo

  8. Life in the US • GI Bill – Servicemen’s Readjustment Act • Provided money to veterans to go to school or get loans. • Rise of the suburb – millions of young families can now buy homes, farms, or establish businesses. • Highway system and Growth of the Suburb • Eisenhower sends millions of dollars to build highways. • Cities growing out instead of up. • White Flight to the suburbs. • Levittown's – first housing communities. • Baby boom – birthrates between the 1940s and 1960s soared.

  9. Baby boom

  10. Life in the US • Franchise begins – • Assembly line for food preparation • Franchise – a company with similar services in many locations. • McDonalds – most famous • opened in 1940s • Became a Franchise in 1955

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