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Matter and Change- Chapter 1

Matter and Change. Chapter 1. Matter and Change- Chapter 1. Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Section 2 Matter and Its Properties Section 3 Elements. What is Chemistry?. Studies: composition, structure, properties of matter Processes that occur, energy changes of matter.

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Matter and Change- Chapter 1

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  1. Matter and Change Chapter 1 Matter and Change- Chapter 1 Section 1Chemistry Is a Physical Science Section 2Matter and Its Properties Section 3Elements

  2. What is Chemistry? • Studies: • composition, structure, properties of matter • Processes that occur, energy changes of matter

  3. Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1 • Achemical is any substance that has a definite composition. • sucrose • water • carbon dioxide

  4. Top Eight Chemicals Made in the United States Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1

  5. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Matter • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. • Volume is the amount of space an object occupies. • Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.

  6. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Basic Building Blocks of Matter • Atom- smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. • Element -pure substance made of one type of atom. • Compound pure substance which has more than one element chemically combined

  7. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1

  8. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1

  9. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Examples of Mixtures

  10. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Physical Properties • can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance • melting & boiling point, color, mass, density

  11. Intensive Properties -do not depend on the amount of matter present. melting point boiling point density ability to conduct electricity ability to transfer energy as heat

  12. Extensive properties -depend on the amount of matter that is present. volume mass the amount of energy in a substance.

  13. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Chemical Properties • Describes substance’s ability to undergo changes • Ex. Reaction with acid or air

  14. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 • Physical Changes • change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance • grinding, cutting, melting, and boiling • change of state -physical change of a substance from one state to another.

  15. Chemical Change • One or more substance becomes a new substance with different properties • Burning, tarnishing, digesting

  16. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Chemical Changes • reactants -substances that react in a chemical change. • products -substances that are formed • Carbon plus oxygen yields (or forms) carbon dioxide. reactants product carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide

  17. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Evidence of a Chemical Change

  18. Particle Model of Matter states of matter—solid state, liquid state, gas state, plasma Draw a solid, liquid and gas using a dot to represent a particle.

  19. Visual Concepts Chapter 1 Plasma

  20. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Objectives • Use a periodic table to name elements, given their symbols. • Use a periodic table to write the symbols of elements, given their names. • Describe the arrangement of the periodic table. • List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

  21. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Regions of the Periodic Table

  22. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Introduction to the Periodic Table • The vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups, or families. • The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are calledperiods.

  23. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Metals • Properties • most are solidsat room temperature • malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets • ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire • conduct electricity and heat well

  24. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Gold, copper, and aluminum are metals

  25. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Nonmetals • Properties • many aregases • solids arebrittle • poor conductorsof heat and electricity

  26. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Various nonmetal elements • (a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine

  27. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Metalloids • element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals. • Properties • all metalloids are solids at room temperature • semiconductorsof electricity

  28. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Noble Gases • elements in Group 18 of the periodic table • generally unreactive • gases at room temperature

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