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Evolutionary Origins of Stigmatization: The Functions of Social Exclusion

This article explores the evolutionary origins of stigmatization, highlighting its functions like dyadic cooperation, coalitional exploitation, and parasitic avoidance. It discusses mechanisms that lead to social exclusion and the emotional responses they evoke, such as anger, fear, hate, disgust, and revulsion. The authors examine examples of stigmatized groups and connect these concepts to societal behaviors, as illustrated by cultural references such as the "Mean Girls" video. The discussion raises important questions about the possibility of a world without stigmas and the implications for creating an egalitarian society.

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Evolutionary Origins of Stigmatization: The Functions of Social Exclusion

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  1. Evolutionary Origins of Stigmatization: The Functions of Social Exclusion Robert Kurzban and Mark Leary Lauren Frazier, Jessica Williams, Chris Kelleher

  2. Functions of Stigmatization • Dyadic Cooperation • Coalitional Exploitation • Parasitic Avoidance

  3. Dyadic Cooperation • Mechanism designed to avoid individuals who are poor partners for social exchange. • Examples of those who are of low social value: homeless, mentally ill, criminals. • This stigma evokes anger and a need to punish.

  4. Coalitional Exploitation • Mechanism designed to exclude members from reaping the benefits of membership from one’s own group. • Examples of this type of stigmatization: ethnocentrism, in-group bias, out-group exploitation. • Emotions evoked: fear and hate.

  5. Parasitic Avoidance • Mechanism designed to prevent prolonged contact with those who carry transmittable pathogens/diseases. • Emotions evoked: disgust and revulsion, causes the individual to avoid the potential contagion.

  6. Mean Girls Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZ_qXmxdgGM • Demonstrates Coalitional Exploitation model of stigmatization. • “Plastics” (in-group) are at the top of the social hierarchy, and all the other groups “Jocks”, “Cool Asians”, “Nerds” (out-group) are the bottom of the hierarchy.

  7. Discussion • Social Viscosity: do you live in the same state you were born in? The same city? • Can we live in a world with no stigmas? An egalitarian society?

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