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Energy and Matter in the Ecosystem

Energy and Matter in the Ecosystem. Fill in answers in your review sheet. Transformation. Literally “go across” to a new “form”. Energy and matter change from one form to another form. Light energy transforms to chemical energy etc.

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Energy and Matter in the Ecosystem

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  1. Energy and Matter in the Ecosystem Fill in answers in your review sheet.

  2. Transformation Literally “go across” to a new “form”. Energy and matter change from one form to another form. Light energy transforms to chemical energy etc. Water and carbon dioxide are transformed into sugar and oxygen.

  3. What is food? • Food supplies: • 1 – energy for life processes • 2 – matter – the chemical building blocks for the body

  4. Energy rich complex chemicals are in food: • Carbohydrates • Fats • Proteins

  5. What is energy?: • Energy is not matter. • It is the ability to do work (make things happen) • It is measured in calories • One calorie can raise 1 ml of water one degree Celsius • 1,000 calories is one Food Calorie

  6. Where does food come from? • Some organisms can make their own food. • They are called auto-(self) trophs (feeders) • Plants, protists (algae) and some kinds of bacteria are autotrophs • They are also called producers.

  7. Photosynthesis • Autotrophs (producers) make food out of carbon dioxide and water using light energy from the sun. • Photo = light synthesis = putting things together • Producers put together energy rich chemicals.

  8. The equation for photo synthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light (energy)  C6H12O6(chemical energy) + 6O2

  9. Organisms that can’t make their own food: • Must eat other organisms • Are called hetero-(other) trophs(feeders) • Also called consumers • They are in the kingdoms: animals, fungi, many protists and most bacteria.

  10. Four kinds of consumers: • Herbivores eat producers • They are primary consumers • Carnivores eat other consumers. They are secondary or higher level consumers • Omnivores eat both. They can be primary or secondary or higher consumers.

  11. Detritivores • Detritus is the layer of dead organic matter that covers the earth. • Examples are earthworms, isopods and other scavengers.

  12. Decomposers • Bacteria and fungi are the main decomposers • All organisms that are not eaten by consumers will die and be broken back down into simple chemicals.

  13. Trophic levels • The first trophic level are the producers (autotrophs) • The second trophic level are the primary consumers • The third trophic level are the secondary consumers and so on. • At every level there are decomposers.

  14. Path of energy and matter • Energy goes one way through the ecosystem. Light energy to chemical to heat energy • Matter is recycled in the ecosystem. Simple to complex chemicals and back again

  15. Biomass 10% Rule • Only 10% (one tenth) of the food is converted to biomass (living matter) at each trophic level. • The rest of the biomass is used as energy for Movement, Maintenance, Eliminating waste, and Growth/reproduction.

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