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The History of American Education

The History of American Education. Chapter 4. Colonial New England Education: God’s Classrooms. Schools to save souls…a path to heaven Reading, to read the Bible, to do battle against Satan Old Deluder Satan Law (1647) Latin Grammar School (1635) Boston

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The History of American Education

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  1. The History of American Education Chapter 4

  2. Colonial New England Education: God’s Classrooms • Schools to save souls…a path to heaven • Reading, to read the Bible, to do battle against Satan • Old Deluder Satan Law (1647) • Latin Grammar School (1635) Boston • Harvard College (1636) to prepare ministers in the Colonies---for the Colonies

  3. The Middle Colonies • A wider range of religions and ethnic groups • Private schools in Philadelphia and New York by early decades of the 1700s, teaching practical knowledge and skills e.g. accounting, navigation, foreign languages (seaports)

  4. The Southern Colonies • Rural, sparsely populated • Plantation society…wealthy young men sent to Europe to be educated • Wealthy females had little schooling, but focused on social responsibilities

  5. A New Nation Shapes Education • Thomas Jefferson…wanted to go beyond educating a small elite class • Benjamin Franklin Proposals Relating to the Youth of Pennsylvania (1749), suggesting a new kind of secondary school…the Academy accepted both boys and girls, a variety of practical subjects, became the most important secondary school in America

  6. The Common School Movement • Town schools and Dame schools not as able to respond to the growing cry for schooling for the masses • Horace Mann “the father of the public school” argued for the benefits of an educated citizenry and working class • Common and humane values would ameliorate the rifts between rich and poor • Practical, useful courses of study • The Common School and the Teaching Profession (video segment 12, 13, 14)

  7. The Secondary School Movement • In 1880, about 10 million in elementary schools • High numbers of wealthy in private and public colleges • Kalamazoo Case (1874) establishing the link between elementary schools and colleges

  8. School Reform Efforts • Committee of Ten (1892) • Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education (1918) • National Defense Education Act (1958) • Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) • Title IX of the Education Amendments (1972) • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1975, 1991, 1997) • A Nation at Risk: the Imperative for Educational Reform (1983) • No Child Left Behind Act (2001)

  9. Hall of Fame: Profiles in Education • Comenius…developmental stages and support for universal education (1592-1670) • Rousseau…stages of development, schooling versus education (1712-1778) • Pestalozzi…special needs of the disadvantaged and curricular development (1746-1827) • Froebel…kindergarten (1782-1852)

  10. Hall of Fame • Herbart…moral development and structured methodology (1776-1841) • Willard…higher education for women, professional teacher preparation (1787-1870) • Mann…expanding opportunities for the poor, central role of education for improving life (1796-1859) • Prudence Crandall…education for African American girls (1803-1889)

  11. Hall of Fame • Montessori…potential of young children, environment for learning (1870-1952) • Dewey…progressive education, democracy and education (1859-1952) • Mary McLeod Bethune…from intellectual slavery to education (1875-1955) • Piaget…theory of cognitive development (1896-1980)

  12. Hall of Fame • Skinner…technology of teaching (1904-1990) • Sylvia Ashton-Warner…children at the center of the curriculum (1908-1984) • Kenneth Clark…the crippling effects of racism (1914-2005) • Bruner…cognitive psychology in shaping curriculum (1915- ) • Paulo Freire…education for social justice (1921-1997)

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