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The History of American Police

The History of American Police. Sir Robert Peel. 1829 – Metropolitan Police Hesitant approval . . . Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political tyranny Should we sacrifice or limit INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY to improve the ability of the police to prevent or detect crime?.

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The History of American Police

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  1. The History of American Police

  2. Sir Robert Peel • 1829 – Metropolitan Police • Hesitant approval . . . • Concern over use of police as a mechanism for political tyranny • Should we sacrifice or limit INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY to improve the ability of the police to prevent or detect crime?

  3. Influence of English Heritage • Limited Police Authority • Local Control • Decentralization

  4. Pre-Political Era • Birth of the nation to 1870 • Diverse, uncoordinated attempts to develop police to meet the unique needs of a community • e.g. Texas Rangers…cattle rustling • Sheriffs & Marshals…maintaining order in towns

  5. Political Era • Mid-19th Century • Political machines recruited cops to encourage citizens to vote for the “right” candidates • Thugs were hired to intimidate, intrude, and to exert political influence • Lots of corruption, payoffs, organized crime, etc… • Reform…replacing “his” cops with “mine”

  6. Professional Era • 20th Century • Three forces for change: • Organized move for professionalism • Modern communications technology • Civil rights movement

  7. August Vollmer • Chief of Police, Berkley, 1905-1932 • Principles of police administration • Higher education • Hiring college graduates • Better training

  8. Reform Agenda • Eliminate political influence • Appoint qualified chiefs • Nonpartisan public service • Raise personnel standards • Scientific management (centralized command and control) • Develop specialized units

  9. Community Policing Era • 1970’s • Wilson, Kelling, Trojanowicz • Decentralized • Generalist

  10. Bayley’s Development of Police • Public • Paid by & directed by communities • Specialized • Designed to perform one particular task (applying force) • Professional • Explicit attention given to quality

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