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TROPICAL -

With Thanks To: Tony Busalacchi Roger Lukas Rui Xin Huang Jay McCreary Greg Johnson Mike McPhaden Mojib Latif Mosami Nonaka Zengyu Liu Paola Rizzoli. TROPICAL -.

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TROPICAL -

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  1. With Thanks To: Tony Busalacchi Roger Lukas Rui Xin Huang Jay McCreary Greg Johnson Mike McPhaden Mojib Latif Mosami Nonaka Zengyu Liu Paola Rizzoli TROPICAL - - EXTRATROPICAL CONNECTIONS INCLUDING ENSO MARK A. CANE LAMONT-DOHERTY EARTH OBSERVATORY OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PALISADES, NY 10964 + PAUL GOODMAN AND WILCO HAZELEGER

  2. Which way and where from? From theTropicsto the Globe To theEquatorial Oceanfrom the Extratropics Subtropics Tropics What can change equatorial SST? How? Waves [Adjustment] or Advection: v T, vT On what time scales? Centennial, Millennial and beyond Interannual (ENSO) Decadal: Pacific (PDO) Atlantic (NAO)

  3. Poleward shift Equatorward shift r = .60; r = .76 with a 5-year lowpass (sig.= 99%) Courtesy of Clara Deser

  4. Advection of anomalous Temperaturev T Gu and Philander Science 1997 Latif and Barnett Science 1994 Deser et al J. Climate 1996 Zhang et al Science 1998

  5. Hazeleger et al JGR 2001

  6. Decadal anomalies of the depth of the s0 = 25.5 isopycnal zonally averaged in the shaded region   From a coupled model From Schneider et al, GRL 1999

  7. Change in overturning stream function with added cooling due to storms Hazeleger et al., JPO,2001

  8. Anomalous Advection of mean Temperature v'T the Subtropical Cell McCreary and Lu JPO 1994 Liu; Liu, Philander and Pacanowski JPO 1994 FIne, Peterson and Ostlund JPO 1987 Johnson and McPhaden JPO 1999 McPhaden and Zhang Nature 2002

  9. Meridional Stream Function OCCAM model Eulerian Lagrangian L-E z s Hazeleger et al., GRL, 2001

  10. Potential Vorticity McPhaden and Zhang Nature, 2002 Zhang et al., JPO submitted. (See Rizzoli et al., DOA 2000 for a model version)

  11. Interior communication window identified from the virtual streamfunction (in Sv) Huang and Wang, JPO, 2001

  12. 8°S 8°N Mass Flux Accumulated down Johnson and McPhaden, JPO, 1999 Goodman et al, 2002 To appear

  13. Volume Ventilated (103 m3/s) Goodman et al., 2002

  14. Time Between Subduction and the EUC (years) Goodman et al., 2002 to appear

  15. 10N 3.5 0.6 Eq 8.3 1.8 5S 2.0 13S 6.3 3.8

  16. McPhaden and Zhang Nature, 2002

  17. McPhaden and Zhang, Nature, 2002

  18. Heat Transports in a model Indo-Pacific Ocean Hezeleger et al JPO submitted

  19. AdjustmentWave Processes Rossby JMR 1937 Cane and Sarachik JMR 1977, 1981;JPO 1983 Johnson and Marshall JPO, JGR 2002

  20. Temperature along the equator Halpern, 1980

  21. H

  22. So, a wind anomaly scale of ~ 10° increases the temperature of upwelled water by ~ 1°K.With w ~ 1m/day, DQ ~ 50W/m2A change in the STC of 0.1 PW (estimated from the same 0.02 N/m2 spread from 10°S to 10°N over 1/3 of the width of the Pacific is ~10W/m2

  23. Decadal anomalies of the depth of the s0 = 25.5 isopycnal zonally averaged in the shaded region   From a coupled model From Schneider et al, GRL 1999

  24. PC timeseries Decadal Pattern Forcing region 12°N/S 10°N/S 7°N/S 5°N/S Karspeck and Cane, JPO 2002

  25. McPhaden and Zhang Nature, 2002

  26. Discussion The longer the period the more poleward the reach. Why is there decadal variability? Is there anything special about decadal? Decadal Variability is most likely generated in the tropics the southern hemispere is the next place to go adjustment is more important than advection

  27. It would be nice to quantify decadal variations in heat budgets. And even nicer to have a usable theory for what sets and what can change ocean stratification. But even these won’t tell us the sources of decadal variability:

  28. It is a coupled system*ocean  atmosphere *at least in the tropics

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